src/Unix/sigsegv.cpp

/*
 *  sigsegv.cpp - SIGSEGV signals support
 *
 *  Derived from Bruno Haible's work on his SIGSEGV library for clisp
 *  <http://clisp.sourceforge.net/>
 *
 *  MacOS X support derived from the post by Timothy J. Wood to the
 *  omnigroup macosx-dev list:
 *    Mach Exception Handlers 101 (Was Re: ptrace, gdb)
 *    tjw@omnigroup.com Sun, 4 Jun 2000
 *    www.omnigroup.com/mailman/archive/macosx-dev/2000-June/002030.html
 *
 *  Basilisk II (C) 1997-2008 Christian Bauer
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#include <list>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include "sigsegv.h"

#ifndef NO_STD_NAMESPACE
using std::list;
#endif

// Return value type of a signal handler (standard type if not defined)
#ifndef RETSIGTYPE
#define RETSIGTYPE void
#endif

// Size of an unsigned integer large enough to hold all bits of a pointer
// NOTE: this can be different than SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE. In
// particular, on ILP32 systems with a 64-bit kernel (HP-UX/ia64?)
#ifdef HAVE_WIN32_VM
// Windows is either ILP32 or LLP64
typedef UINT_PTR sigsegv_uintptr_t;
#else
// Other systems are sane enough to follow ILP32 or LP64 models
typedef unsigned long sigsegv_uintptr_t;
#endif

// Type of the system signal handler
typedef RETSIGTYPE (*signal_handler)(int);

// User's SIGSEGV handler
static sigsegv_fault_handler_t sigsegv_fault_handler = 0;

// Function called to dump state if we can't handle the fault
static sigsegv_state_dumper_t sigsegv_state_dumper = 0;

// Actual SIGSEGV handler installer
static bool sigsegv_do_install_handler(int sig);


/*
 *  Instruction decoding aids
 */

// Transfer type
enum transfer_type_t {
        SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN        = 0,
        SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD           = 1,
        SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE          = 2
};

// Transfer size
enum transfer_size_t {
        SIZE_UNKNOWN,
        SIZE_BYTE,
        SIZE_WORD, // 2 bytes
        SIZE_LONG, // 4 bytes
        SIZE_QUAD  // 8 bytes
};

#if (defined(powerpc) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc__) || defined(__ppc64__))
// Addressing mode
enum addressing_mode_t {
        MODE_UNKNOWN,
        MODE_NORM,
        MODE_U,
        MODE_X,
        MODE_UX
};

// Decoded instruction
struct instruction_t {
        transfer_type_t         transfer_type;
        transfer_size_t         transfer_size;
        addressing_mode_t       addr_mode;
        unsigned int            addr;
        char                            ra, rd;
};

static void powerpc_decode_instruction(instruction_t *instruction, unsigned int nip, unsigned long * gpr)
{
        // Get opcode and divide into fields
        unsigned int opcode = *((unsigned int *)(unsigned long)nip);
        unsigned int primop = opcode >> 26;
        unsigned int exop = (opcode >> 1) & 0x3ff;
        unsigned int ra = (opcode >> 16) & 0x1f;
        unsigned int rb = (opcode >> 11) & 0x1f;
        unsigned int rd = (opcode >> 21) & 0x1f;
        signed int imm = (signed short)(opcode & 0xffff);
        
        // Analyze opcode
        transfer_type_t transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN;
        transfer_size_t transfer_size = SIZE_UNKNOWN;
        addressing_mode_t addr_mode = MODE_UNKNOWN;
        switch (primop) {
        case 31:
                switch (exop) {
                case 23:        // lwzx
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 55:        // lwzux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                case 87:        // lbzx
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 119:       // lbzux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                case 151:       // stwx
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 183:       // stwux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                case 215:       // stbx
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 247:       // stbux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                case 279:       // lhzx
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 311:       // lhzux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                case 343:       // lhax
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 375:       // lhaux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                case 407:       // sthx
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 439:       // sthux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                }
                break;
        
        case 32:        // lwz
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 33:        // lwzu
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 34:        // lbz
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 35:        // lbzu
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 36:        // stw
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 37:        // stwu
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 38:        // stb
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 39:        // stbu
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 40:        // lhz
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 41:        // lhzu
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 42:        // lha
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 43:        // lhau
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 44:        // sth
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 45:        // sthu
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 58:        // ld, ldu, lwa
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
                transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
                addr_mode = ((opcode & 3) == 1) ? MODE_U : MODE_NORM;
                imm &= ~3;
                break;
        case 62:        // std, stdu, stq
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
                transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
                addr_mode = ((opcode & 3) == 1) ? MODE_U : MODE_NORM;
                imm &= ~3;
                break;
        }
        
        // Calculate effective address
        unsigned int addr = 0;
        switch (addr_mode) {
        case MODE_X:
        case MODE_UX:
                if (ra == 0)
                        addr = gpr[rb];
                else
                        addr = gpr[ra] + gpr[rb];
                break;
        case MODE_NORM:
        case MODE_U:
                if (ra == 0)
                        addr = (signed int)(signed short)imm;
                else
                        addr = gpr[ra] + (signed int)(signed short)imm;
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }
        
        // Commit decoded instruction
        instruction->addr = addr;
        instruction->addr_mode = addr_mode;
        instruction->transfer_type = transfer_type;
        instruction->transfer_size = transfer_size;
        instruction->ra = ra;
        instruction->rd = rd;
}
#endif


/*
 *  OS-dependant SIGSEGV signals support section
 */

#if HAVE_SIGINFO_T
// Generic extended signal handler
#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGBUS)
#elif defined(__hpux)
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV) FAULT_HANDLER(SIGBUS)
#else
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#endif
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, siginfo_t *sip, void *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST_1 siginfo_t *sip, void *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sip, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   sip->si_addr
#if (defined(sgi) || defined(__sgi))
#include <ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (unsigned long)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[CTX_EPC]
#if (defined(mips) || defined(__mips))
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   &SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[CTX_EPC], &SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[CTX_R0]
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                mips_skip_instruction
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__sun__)
#if (defined(sparc) || defined(__sparc__))
#include <sys/stack.h>
#include <sys/regset.h>
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[REG_PC]
#define SIGSEGV_SPARC_GWINDOWS                  (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.gwins)
#define SIGSEGV_SPARC_RWINDOW                   (struct rwindow *)((char *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[REG_SP] + STACK_BIAS)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((unsigned long *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS), SIGSEGV_SPARC_GWINDOWS, SIGSEGV_SPARC_RWINDOW
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                sparc_skip_instruction
#endif
#if defined(__i386__)
#include <sys/regset.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[EIP]
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (((struct sigcontext *)scp)->sc_eip)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE *)&(((struct sigcontext *)scp)->sc_edi)) /* EDI is the first GPR (even below EIP) in sigcontext */
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__NetBSD__)
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.__gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[_REG_EIP]
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(powerpc) || defined(__powerpc__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.__gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[_REG_PC]
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)&SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[_REG_PC], (unsigned long *)&SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[_REG_R0]
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                powerpc_skip_instruction
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__linux__)
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[14] /* should use REG_EIP instead */
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[16] /* should use REG_RIP instead */
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(ia64) || defined(__ia64__))
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    ((struct sigcontext *)scp)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->sc_ip & ~0x3ULL) /* slot number is in bits 0 and 1 */
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ia64_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(powerpc) || defined(__powerpc__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.regs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->nip)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)&SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->nip, (unsigned long *)(SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->gpr)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                powerpc_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(hppa) || defined(__hppa__))
#undef  SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   sip->si_ptr
#endif
#if (defined(arm) || defined(__arm__))
#include <asm/ucontext.h> /* use kernel structure, glibc may not be in sync */
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((struct ucontext *)scp)->uc_mcontext)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS.arm_pc)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (&SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS.arm_r0)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                arm_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(mips) || defined(__mips__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((struct ucontext *)scp)->uc_mcontext)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS.pc)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   &SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS.pc, &SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS.gregs[0]
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                mips_skip_instruction
#endif
#endif
#if (defined(__hpux) || defined(__hpux__))
#if (defined(__hppa) || defined(__hppa__))
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (&((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_32    (SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->ss_narrow.ss_pcoq_head & ~3ul)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_64    (SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->ss_wide.ss_64.ss_pcoq_head & ~3ull)
#if defined(__LP64__)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_64
#else
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               ((SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->ss_flags & SS_WIDEREGS) ? \
                                                                                 (uint32_t)SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_64 : \
                                                                                 SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_32)
#endif
#endif
#if (defined(__ia64) || defined(__ia64__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    ((ucontext_t *)scp)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               get_fault_instruction(SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ia64_skip_instruction

#include <sys/uc_access.h>
static inline sigsegv_address_t get_fault_instruction(const ucontext_t *ucp)
{
  uint64_t ip;
  if (__uc_get_ip(ucp, &ip) != 0)
        return SIGSEGV_INVALID_ADDRESS;
  return (sigsegv_address_t)(ip & ~3ULL);
}
#endif
#endif
#endif

#if HAVE_SIGCONTEXT_SUBTERFUGE
// Linux kernels prior to 2.4 ?
#if defined(__linux__)
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#include <asm/sigcontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, struct sigcontext scs
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST_1 struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              &scs
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   scp->cr2
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->eip
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE *)scp
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(sparc) || defined(__sparc__))
#include <asm/sigcontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp, char *addr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp, addr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   addr
#endif
#if (defined(powerpc) || defined(__powerpc__))
#include <asm/sigcontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   scp->regs->dar
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->regs->nip
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)&scp->regs->nip, (unsigned long *)(scp->regs->gpr)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                powerpc_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(alpha) || defined(__alpha__))
#include <asm/sigcontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   get_fault_address(scp)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->sc_pc
#endif
#if (defined(arm) || defined(__arm__))
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int r1, int r2, int r3, struct sigcontext sc
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST_1 struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              &sc
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   scp->fault_address
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->arm_pc
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   &scp->arm_r0
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                arm_skip_instruction
#endif
#endif

// Irix 5 or 6 on MIPS
#if (defined(sgi) || defined(__sgi)) && (defined(SYSTYPE_SVR4) || defined(_SYSTYPE_SVR4))
#include <ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   (unsigned long)scp->sc_badvaddr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (unsigned long)scp->sc_pc
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#endif

// HP-UX
#if (defined(hpux) || defined(__hpux__))
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   scp->sc_sl.sl_ss.ss_narrow.ss_cr21
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV) FAULT_HANDLER(SIGBUS)
#endif

// OSF/1 on Alpha
#if defined(__osf__)
#include <ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   scp->sc_traparg_a0
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#endif

// AIX
#if defined(_AIX)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   scp->sc_jmpbuf.jmp_context.o_vaddr
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#endif

// NetBSD
#if defined(__NetBSD__)
#if (defined(m68k) || defined(__m68k__))
#include <m68k/frame.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   get_fault_address(scp)
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)

// Use decoding scheme from BasiliskII/m68k native
static sigsegv_address_t get_fault_address(struct sigcontext *scp)
{
        struct sigstate {
                int ss_flags;
                struct frame ss_frame;
        };
        struct sigstate *state = (struct sigstate *)scp->sc_ap;
        char *fault_addr;
        switch (state->ss_frame.f_format) {
        case 7:         /* 68040 access error */
                /* "code" is sometimes unreliable (i.e. contains NULL or a bogus address), reason unknown */
                fault_addr = state->ss_frame.f_fmt7.f_fa;
                break;
        default:
                fault_addr = (char *)code;
                break;
        }
        return (sigsegv_address_t)fault_addr;
}
#endif
#if (defined(alpha) || defined(__alpha__))
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   get_fault_address(scp)
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGBUS)
#endif
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#error "FIXME: need to decode instruction and compute EA"
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGBUS)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp, char *addr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp, addr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   addr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->sc_eip
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE *)&scp->sc_edi)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(alpha) || defined(__alpha__))
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, char *addr, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, addr, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   addr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->sc_pc
#endif
#endif

// Extract fault address out of a sigcontext
#if (defined(alpha) || defined(__alpha__))
// From Boehm's GC 6.0alpha8
static sigsegv_address_t get_fault_address(struct sigcontext *scp)
{
        unsigned int instruction = *((unsigned int *)(scp->sc_pc));
        unsigned long fault_address = scp->sc_regs[(instruction >> 16) & 0x1f];
        fault_address += (signed long)(signed short)(instruction & 0xffff);
        return (sigsegv_address_t)fault_address;
}
#endif


// MacOS X, not sure which version this works in. Under 10.1
// vm_protect does not appear to work from a signal handler. Under
// 10.2 signal handlers get siginfo type arguments but the si_addr
// field is the address of the faulting instruction and not the
// address that caused the SIGBUS. Maybe this works in 10.0? In any
// case with Mach exception handlers there is a way to do what this
// was meant to do.
#ifndef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
#if (defined(ppc) || defined(__ppc__))
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   get_fault_address(scp)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->sc_ir
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGBUS)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned int *)&scp->sc_ir, &((unsigned int *) scp->sc_regs)[2]
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                powerpc_skip_instruction

// Use decoding scheme from SheepShaver
static sigsegv_address_t get_fault_address(struct sigcontext *scp)
{
        unsigned int   nip = (unsigned int) scp->sc_ir;
        unsigned int * gpr = &((unsigned int *) scp->sc_regs)[2];
        instruction_t  instr;

        powerpc_decode_instruction(&instr, nip, gpr);
        return (sigsegv_address_t)instr.addr;
}
#endif
#endif
#endif
#endif

#if HAVE_WIN32_EXCEPTIONS
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN /* avoid including junk */
#include <windows.h>
#include <winerror.h>

#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              ExceptionInfo
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1]
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    ExceptionInfo->ContextRecord
#if defined(_M_IX86)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->Eip
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE *)&SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->Edi)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#if defined(_M_X64)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->Rip
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE *)&SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->Rax)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#if defined(_M_IA64)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->StIIP
#endif
#endif

#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS

// This can easily be extended to other Mach systems, but really who
// uses HURD (oops GNU/HURD), Darwin/x86, NextStep, Rhapsody, or CMU
// Mach 2.5/3.0?
#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>

/*
 * If you are familiar with MIG then you will understand the frustration
 * that was necessary to get these embedded into C++ code by hand.
 */
extern "C" {
#include <mach/mach.h>
#include <mach/mach_error.h>

#ifndef HAVE_MACH64_VM
#define MACH_EXCEPTION_CODES                                    0
#define mach_exception_data_t                                   exception_data_t
#define mach_exception_data_type_t                              exception_data_type_t
#define mach_exc_server                                                 exc_server
#define catch_mach_exception_raise                              catch_exception_raise
#define mach_exception_raise                                    exception_raise
#define mach_exception_raise_state                              exception_raise_state
#define mach_exception_raise_state_identity             exception_raise_state_identity
#endif

extern boolean_t mach_exc_server(mach_msg_header_t *, mach_msg_header_t *);
extern kern_return_t catch_mach_exception_raise(mach_port_t, mach_port_t,
        mach_port_t, exception_type_t, mach_exception_data_t, mach_msg_type_number_t);
extern kern_return_t catch_mach_exception_raise_state(mach_port_t exception_port,
        exception_type_t exception, mach_exception_data_t code, mach_msg_type_number_t code_count,
        int *flavor,
        thread_state_t old_state, mach_msg_type_number_t old_state_count,
        thread_state_t new_state, mach_msg_type_number_t *new_state_count);
extern kern_return_t catch_mach_exception_raise_state_identity(mach_port_t exception_port,
        mach_port_t thread_port, mach_port_t task_port, exception_type_t exception,
        mach_exception_data_t code, mach_msg_type_number_t code_count,
        int *flavor,
        thread_state_t old_state, mach_msg_type_number_t old_state_count,
        thread_state_t new_state, mach_msg_type_number_t *new_state_count);
extern kern_return_t mach_exception_raise(mach_port_t, mach_port_t, mach_port_t,
        exception_type_t, mach_exception_data_t, mach_msg_type_number_t);
extern kern_return_t mach_exception_raise_state(mach_port_t, exception_type_t,
        mach_exception_data_t, mach_msg_type_number_t, thread_state_flavor_t *,
        thread_state_t, mach_msg_type_number_t, thread_state_t, mach_msg_type_number_t *);
extern kern_return_t mach_exception_raise_state_identity(mach_port_t, mach_port_t, mach_port_t,
        exception_type_t, mach_exception_data_t, mach_msg_type_number_t, thread_state_flavor_t *,
        thread_state_t, mach_msg_type_number_t, thread_state_t, mach_msg_type_number_t *);
}

// Could make this dynamic by looking for a result of MIG_ARRAY_TOO_LARGE
#define HANDLER_COUNT 64

// structure to tuck away existing exception handlers
typedef struct _ExceptionPorts {
        mach_msg_type_number_t maskCount;
        exception_mask_t masks[HANDLER_COUNT];
        exception_handler_t handlers[HANDLER_COUNT];
        exception_behavior_t behaviors[HANDLER_COUNT];
        thread_state_flavor_t flavors[HANDLER_COUNT];
} ExceptionPorts;

// exception handler thread
static pthread_t exc_thread;

// place where old exception handler info is stored
static ExceptionPorts ports;

// our exception port
static mach_port_t _exceptionPort = MACH_PORT_NULL;

#define MACH_CHECK_ERROR(name,ret) \
if (ret != KERN_SUCCESS) { \
        mach_error(#name, ret); \
        exit (1); \
}

#ifdef __ppc__
#if __DARWIN_UNIX03 && defined _STRUCT_PPC_THREAD_STATE
#define MACH_FIELD_NAME(X)                              __CONCAT(__,X)
#endif
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_TYPE    ppc_exception_state_t
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_FLAVOR  PPC_EXCEPTION_STATE
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT   PPC_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   SIP->exc_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(dar)
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_TYPE               ppc_thread_state_t
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR             PPC_THREAD_STATE
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_COUNT              PPC_THREAD_STATE_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIP->thr_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(srr0)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                powerpc_skip_instruction
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)&SIP->thr_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(srr0), (unsigned long *)&SIP->thr_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(r0)
#endif
#ifdef __ppc64__
#if __DARWIN_UNIX03 && defined _STRUCT_PPC_THREAD_STATE64
#define MACH_FIELD_NAME(X)                              __CONCAT(__,X)
#endif
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_TYPE    ppc_exception_state64_t
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_FLAVOR  PPC_EXCEPTION_STATE64
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT   PPC_EXCEPTION_STATE64_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   SIP->exc_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(dar)
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_TYPE               ppc_thread_state64_t
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR             PPC_THREAD_STATE64
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_COUNT              PPC_THREAD_STATE64_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIP->thr_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(srr0)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                powerpc_skip_instruction
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)&SIP->thr_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(srr0), (unsigned long *)&SIP->thr_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(r0)
#endif
#ifdef __i386__
#if __DARWIN_UNIX03 && defined _STRUCT_X86_THREAD_STATE32
#define MACH_FIELD_NAME(X)                              __CONCAT(__,X)
#endif
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_TYPE    i386_exception_state_t
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_FLAVOR  i386_EXCEPTION_STATE
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT   i386_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   SIP->exc_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(faultvaddr)
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_TYPE               i386_thread_state_t
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR             i386_THREAD_STATE
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_COUNT              i386_THREAD_STATE_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIP->thr_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(eip)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE *)&SIP->thr_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(eax)) /* EAX is the first GPR we consider */
#endif
#ifdef __x86_64__
#if __DARWIN_UNIX03 && defined _STRUCT_X86_THREAD_STATE64
#define MACH_FIELD_NAME(X)                              __CONCAT(__,X)
#endif
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_TYPE    x86_exception_state64_t
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_FLAVOR  x86_EXCEPTION_STATE64
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT   x86_EXCEPTION_STATE64_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   SIP->exc_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(faultvaddr)
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_TYPE               x86_thread_state64_t
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR             x86_THREAD_STATE64
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_COUNT              x86_THREAD_STATE64_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIP->thr_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(rip)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE *)&SIP->thr_state.MACH_FIELD_NAME(rax)) /* RAX is the first GPR we consider */
#endif
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS_FAST              code[1]
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_FAST  SIGSEGV_INVALID_ADDRESS
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   mach_port_t thread, mach_exception_data_t code
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              thread, code

#ifndef MACH_FIELD_NAME
#define MACH_FIELD_NAME(X) X
#endif

// Since there can only be one exception thread running at any time
// this is not a problem.
#define MSG_SIZE 512
static char msgbuf[MSG_SIZE];
static char replybuf[MSG_SIZE];

/*
 * This is the entry point for the exception handler thread. The job
 * of this thread is to wait for exception messages on the exception
 * port that was setup beforehand and to pass them on to exc_server.
 * exc_server is a MIG generated function that is a part of Mach.
 * Its job is to decide what to do with the exception message. In our
 * case exc_server calls catch_exception_raise on our behalf. After
 * exc_server returns, it is our responsibility to send the reply.
 */
static void *
handleExceptions(void *priv)
{
        mach_msg_header_t *msg, *reply;
        kern_return_t krc;

        msg = (mach_msg_header_t *)msgbuf;
        reply = (mach_msg_header_t *)replybuf;

        for (;;) {
                krc = mach_msg(msg, MACH_RCV_MSG, MSG_SIZE, MSG_SIZE,
                                _exceptionPort, 0, MACH_PORT_NULL);
                MACH_CHECK_ERROR(mach_msg, krc);

                if (!mach_exc_server(msg, reply)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "exc_server hated the message\n");
                        exit(1);
                }

                krc = mach_msg(reply, MACH_SEND_MSG, reply->msgh_size, 0,
                                 msg->msgh_local_port, 0, MACH_PORT_NULL);
                if (krc != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Error sending message to original reply port, krc = %d, %s",
                                krc, mach_error_string(krc));
                        exit(1);
                }
        }
}
#endif
#endif


/*
 *  Instruction skipping
 */

#ifndef SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE sigsegv_uintptr_t
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION
// Decode and skip X86 instruction
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__)) || (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64))
#if defined(__linux__)
enum {
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
        X86_REG_EIP = 14,
        X86_REG_EAX = 11,
        X86_REG_ECX = 10,
        X86_REG_EDX = 9,
        X86_REG_EBX = 8,
        X86_REG_ESP = 7,
        X86_REG_EBP = 6,
        X86_REG_ESI = 5,
        X86_REG_EDI = 4
#endif
#if defined(__x86_64__)
        X86_REG_R8  = 0,
        X86_REG_R9  = 1,
        X86_REG_R10 = 2,
        X86_REG_R11 = 3,
        X86_REG_R12 = 4,
        X86_REG_R13 = 5,
        X86_REG_R14 = 6,
        X86_REG_R15 = 7,
        X86_REG_EDI = 8,
        X86_REG_ESI = 9,
        X86_REG_EBP = 10,
        X86_REG_EBX = 11,
        X86_REG_EDX = 12,
        X86_REG_EAX = 13,
        X86_REG_ECX = 14,
        X86_REG_ESP = 15,
        X86_REG_EIP = 16
#endif
};
#endif
#if defined(__NetBSD__)
enum {
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
        X86_REG_EIP = _REG_EIP,
        X86_REG_EAX = _REG_EAX,
        X86_REG_ECX = _REG_ECX,
        X86_REG_EDX = _REG_EDX,
        X86_REG_EBX = _REG_EBX,
        X86_REG_ESP = _REG_ESP,
        X86_REG_EBP = _REG_EBP,
        X86_REG_ESI = _REG_ESI,
        X86_REG_EDI = _REG_EDI
#endif
};
#endif
#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
enum {
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
        X86_REG_EIP = 10,
        X86_REG_EAX = 7,
        X86_REG_ECX = 6,
        X86_REG_EDX = 5,
        X86_REG_EBX = 4,
        X86_REG_ESP = 13,
        X86_REG_EBP = 2,
        X86_REG_ESI = 1,
        X86_REG_EDI = 0
#endif
};
#endif
#if defined(__OpenBSD__)
enum {
#if defined(__i386__)
        // EDI is the first register we consider
#define OREG(REG) offsetof(struct sigcontext, sc_##REG)
#define DREG(REG) ((OREG(REG) - OREG(edi)) / 4)
        X86_REG_EIP = DREG(eip), // 7
        X86_REG_EAX = DREG(eax), // 6
        X86_REG_ECX = DREG(ecx), // 5
        X86_REG_EDX = DREG(edx), // 4
        X86_REG_EBX = DREG(ebx), // 3
        X86_REG_ESP = DREG(esp), // 10
        X86_REG_EBP = DREG(ebp), // 2
        X86_REG_ESI = DREG(esi), // 1
        X86_REG_EDI = DREG(edi)  // 0
#undef DREG
#undef OREG
#endif
};
#endif
#if defined(__sun__)
// Same as for Linux, need to check for x86-64
enum {
#if defined(__i386__)
        X86_REG_EIP = EIP,
        X86_REG_EAX = EAX,
        X86_REG_ECX = ECX,
        X86_REG_EDX = EDX,
        X86_REG_EBX = EBX,
        X86_REG_ESP = ESP,
        X86_REG_EBP = EBP,
        X86_REG_ESI = ESI,
        X86_REG_EDI = EDI
#endif
};
#endif
#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
enum {
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#ifdef i386_SAVED_STATE
        // same as FreeBSD (in Open Darwin 8.0.1)
        X86_REG_EIP = 10,
        X86_REG_EAX = 7,
        X86_REG_ECX = 6,
        X86_REG_EDX = 5,
        X86_REG_EBX = 4,
        X86_REG_ESP = 13,
        X86_REG_EBP = 2,
        X86_REG_ESI = 1,
        X86_REG_EDI = 0
#else
        // new layout (MacOS X 10.4.4 for x86)
        X86_REG_EIP = 10,
        X86_REG_EAX = 0,
        X86_REG_ECX = 2,
        X86_REG_EDX = 3,
        X86_REG_EBX = 1,
        X86_REG_ESP = 7,
        X86_REG_EBP = 6,
        X86_REG_ESI = 5,
        X86_REG_EDI = 4
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__x86_64__)
        X86_REG_R8  = 8,
        X86_REG_R9  = 9,
        X86_REG_R10 = 10,
        X86_REG_R11 = 11,
        X86_REG_R12 = 12,
        X86_REG_R13 = 13,
        X86_REG_R14 = 14,
        X86_REG_R15 = 15,
        X86_REG_EDI = 4,
        X86_REG_ESI = 5,
        X86_REG_EBP = 6,
        X86_REG_EBX = 1,
        X86_REG_EDX = 3,
        X86_REG_EAX = 0,
        X86_REG_ECX = 2,
        X86_REG_ESP = 7,
        X86_REG_EIP = 16
#endif
};
#endif
#if defined(_WIN32)
enum {
#if defined(_M_IX86)
        X86_REG_EIP = 7,
        X86_REG_EAX = 5,
        X86_REG_ECX = 4,
        X86_REG_EDX = 3,
        X86_REG_EBX = 2,
        X86_REG_ESP = 10,
        X86_REG_EBP = 6,
        X86_REG_ESI = 1,
        X86_REG_EDI = 0
#endif
#if defined(_M_X64)
        X86_REG_EAX = 0,
        X86_REG_ECX = 1,
        X86_REG_EDX = 2,
        X86_REG_EBX = 3,
        X86_REG_ESP = 4,
        X86_REG_EBP = 5,
        X86_REG_ESI = 6,
        X86_REG_EDI = 7,
        X86_REG_R8  = 8,
        X86_REG_R9  = 9,
        X86_REG_R10 = 10,
        X86_REG_R11 = 11,
        X86_REG_R12 = 12,
        X86_REG_R13 = 13,
        X86_REG_R14 = 14,
        X86_REG_R15 = 15,
        X86_REG_EIP = 16
#endif
};
#endif
// FIXME: this is partly redundant with the instruction decoding phase
// to discover transfer type and register number
static inline int ix86_step_over_modrm(unsigned char * p)
{
        int mod = (p[0] >> 6) & 3;
        int rm = p[0] & 7;
        int offset = 0;

        // ModR/M Byte
        switch (mod) {
        case 0: // [reg]
                if (rm == 5) return 4; // disp32
                break;
        case 1: // disp8[reg]
                offset = 1;
                break;
        case 2: // disp32[reg]
                offset = 4;
                break;
        case 3: // register
                return 0;
        }
        
        // SIB Byte
        if (rm == 4) {
                if (mod == 0 && (p[1] & 7) == 5)
                        offset = 5; // disp32[index]
                else
                        offset++;
        }

        return offset;
}

static bool ix86_skip_instruction(SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE * regs)
{
        unsigned char * eip = (unsigned char *)regs[X86_REG_EIP];

        if (eip == 0)
                return false;
#ifdef _WIN32
        if (IsBadCodePtr((FARPROC)eip))
                return false;
#endif
        
        enum instruction_type_t {
                i_MOV,
                i_ADD
        };

        transfer_type_t transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN;
        transfer_size_t transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        instruction_type_t instruction_type = i_MOV;
        
        int reg = -1;
        int len = 0;

#if DEBUG
        printf("IP: %p [%02x %02x %02x %02x...]\n",
                   eip, eip[0], eip[1], eip[2], eip[3]);
#endif

        // Operand size prefix
        if (*eip == 0x66) {
                eip++;
                len++;
                transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
        }

        // REX prefix
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
        struct rex_t {
                unsigned char W;
                unsigned char R;
                unsigned char X;
                unsigned char B;
        };
        rex_t rex = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
        bool has_rex = false;
        if ((*eip & 0xf0) == 0x40) {
                has_rex = true;
                const unsigned char b = *eip;
                rex.W = b & (1 << 3);
                rex.R = b & (1 << 2);
                rex.X = b & (1 << 1);
                rex.B = b & (1 << 0);
#if DEBUG
                printf("REX: %c,%c,%c,%c\n",
                           rex.W ? 'W' : '_',
                           rex.R ? 'R' : '_',
                           rex.X ? 'X' : '_',
                           rex.B ? 'B' : '_');
#endif
                eip++;
                len++;
                if (rex.W)
                        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        }
#else
        const bool has_rex = false;
#endif

        // Decode instruction
        int op_len = 1;
        int target_size = SIZE_UNKNOWN;
        switch (eip[0]) {
        case 0x0f:
                target_size = transfer_size;
            switch (eip[1]) {
                case 0xbe: // MOVSX r32, r/m8
            case 0xb6: // MOVZX r32, r/m8
                        transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
                        goto do_mov_extend;
                case 0xbf: // MOVSX r32, r/m16
            case 0xb7: // MOVZX r32, r/m16
                        transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
                        goto do_mov_extend;
                  do_mov_extend:
                        op_len = 2;
                        goto do_transfer_load;
                }
                break;
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
        case 0x63: // MOVSXD r64, r/m32
                if (has_rex && rex.W) {
                        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
                        target_size = SIZE_QUAD;
                }
                else if (transfer_size != SIZE_WORD) {
                        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
                        target_size = SIZE_QUAD;
                }
                goto do_transfer_load;
#endif
        case 0x02: // ADD r8, r/m8
                transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        case 0x03: // ADD r32, r/m32
                instruction_type = i_ADD;
                goto do_transfer_load;
        case 0x8a: // MOV r8, r/m8
                transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        case 0x8b: // MOV r32, r/m32 (or 16-bit operation)
          do_transfer_load:
                switch (eip[op_len] & 0xc0) {
                case 0x80:
                        reg = (eip[op_len] >> 3) & 7;
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
                        break;
                case 0x40:
                        reg = (eip[op_len] >> 3) & 7;
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
                        break;
                case 0x00:
                        reg = (eip[op_len] >> 3) & 7;
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
                        break;
                }
                len += 1 + op_len + ix86_step_over_modrm(eip + op_len);
                break;
        case 0x00: // ADD r/m8, r8
                transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        case 0x01: // ADD r/m32, r32
                instruction_type = i_ADD;
                goto do_transfer_store;
        case 0x88: // MOV r/m8, r8
                transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        case 0x89: // MOV r/m32, r32 (or 16-bit operation)
          do_transfer_store:
                switch (eip[op_len] & 0xc0) {
                case 0x80:
                        reg = (eip[op_len] >> 3) & 7;
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
                        break;
                case 0x40:
                        reg = (eip[op_len] >> 3) & 7;
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
                        break;
                case 0x00:
                        reg = (eip[op_len] >> 3) & 7;
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
                        break;
                }
                len += 1 + op_len + ix86_step_over_modrm(eip + op_len);
                break;
        }
        if (target_size == SIZE_UNKNOWN)
                target_size = transfer_size;

        if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN) {
                // Unknown machine code, let it crash. Then patch the decoder
                return false;
        }

#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
        if (rex.R)
                reg += 8;
#endif

        if (instruction_type == i_MOV && transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD && reg != -1) {
                static const int x86_reg_map[] = {
                        X86_REG_EAX, X86_REG_ECX, X86_REG_EDX, X86_REG_EBX,
                        X86_REG_ESP, X86_REG_EBP, X86_REG_ESI, X86_REG_EDI,
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
                        X86_REG_R8,  X86_REG_R9,  X86_REG_R10, X86_REG_R11,
                        X86_REG_R12, X86_REG_R13, X86_REG_R14, X86_REG_R15,
#endif
                };
                
                if (reg < 0 || reg >= (sizeof(x86_reg_map)/sizeof(x86_reg_map[0]) - 1))
                        return false;

                // Set 0 to the relevant register part
                // NOTE: this is only valid for MOV alike instructions
                int rloc = x86_reg_map[reg];
                switch (target_size) {
                case SIZE_BYTE:
                        if (has_rex || reg < 4)
                                regs[rloc] = (regs[rloc] & ~0x00ffL);
                        else {
                                rloc = x86_reg_map[reg - 4];
                                regs[rloc] = (regs[rloc] & ~0xff00L);
                        }
                        break;
                case SIZE_WORD:
                        regs[rloc] = (regs[rloc] & ~0xffffL);
                        break;
                case SIZE_LONG:
                case SIZE_QUAD: // zero-extension
                        regs[rloc] = 0;
                        break;
                }
        }

#if DEBUG
        printf("%p: %s %s access", (void *)regs[X86_REG_EIP],
                   transfer_size == SIZE_BYTE ? "byte" :
                   transfer_size == SIZE_WORD ? "word" :
                   transfer_size == SIZE_LONG ? "long" :
                   transfer_size == SIZE_QUAD ? "quad" : "unknown",
                   transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD ? "read" : "write");
        
        if (reg != -1) {
                static const char * x86_byte_reg_str_map[] = {
                        "al",   "cl",   "dl",   "bl",
                        "spl",  "bpl",  "sil",  "dil",
                        "r8b",  "r9b",  "r10b", "r11b",
                        "r12b", "r13b", "r14b", "r15b",
                        "ah",   "ch",   "dh",   "bh",
                };
                static const char * x86_word_reg_str_map[] = {
                        "ax",   "cx",   "dx",   "bx",
                        "sp",   "bp",   "si",   "di",
                        "r8w",  "r9w",  "r10w", "r11w",
                        "r12w", "r13w", "r14w", "r15w",
                };
                static const char *x86_long_reg_str_map[] = {
                        "eax",  "ecx",  "edx",  "ebx",
                        "esp",  "ebp",  "esi",  "edi",
                        "r8d",  "r9d",  "r10d", "r11d",
                        "r12d", "r13d", "r14d", "r15d",
                };
                static const char *x86_quad_reg_str_map[] = {
                        "rax", "rcx", "rdx", "rbx",
                        "rsp", "rbp", "rsi", "rdi",
                        "r8",  "r9",  "r10", "r11",
                        "r12", "r13", "r14", "r15",
                };
                const char * reg_str = NULL;
                switch (target_size) {
                case SIZE_BYTE:
                        reg_str = x86_byte_reg_str_map[(!has_rex && reg >= 4 ? 12 : 0) + reg];
                        break;
                case SIZE_WORD: reg_str = x86_word_reg_str_map[reg]; break;
                case SIZE_LONG: reg_str = x86_long_reg_str_map[reg]; break;
                case SIZE_QUAD: reg_str = x86_quad_reg_str_map[reg]; break;
                }
                if (reg_str)
                        printf(" %s register %%%s",
                                   transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD ? "to" : "from",
                                   reg_str);
        }
        printf(", %d bytes instruction\n", len);
#endif
        
        regs[X86_REG_EIP] += len;
        return true;
}
#endif

// Decode and skip IA-64 instruction
#if defined(__ia64) || defined(__ia64__)
typedef uint64_t ia64_bundle_t[2];
#if defined(__linux__)
// We can directly patch the slot number
#define IA64_CAN_PATCH_IP_SLOT  1
// Helper macros to access the machine context
#define IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE               struct sigcontext *
#define IA64_CONTEXT                    scp
#define IA64_GET_IP()                   (IA64_CONTEXT->sc_ip)
#define IA64_SET_IP(V)                  (IA64_CONTEXT->sc_ip = (V))
#define IA64_GET_PR(P)                  ((IA64_CONTEXT->sc_pr >> (P)) & 1)
#define IA64_GET_NAT(I)                 ((IA64_CONTEXT->sc_nat >> (I)) & 1)
#define IA64_GET_GR(R)                  (IA64_CONTEXT->sc_gr[(R)])
#define _IA64_SET_GR(R,V)               (IA64_CONTEXT->sc_gr[(R)] = (V))
#define _IA64_SET_NAT(I,V)              (IA64_CONTEXT->sc_nat = (IA64_CONTEXT->sc_nat & ~(1ull << (I))) | (((uint64_t)!!(V)) << (I)))
#define IA64_SET_GR(R,V,N)              (_IA64_SET_GR(R,V), _IA64_SET_NAT(R,N))

// Load bundle (in little-endian)
static inline void ia64_load_bundle(ia64_bundle_t bundle, uint64_t raw_ip)
{
        uint64_t *ip = (uint64_t *)(raw_ip & ~3ull);
        bundle[0] = ip[0];
        bundle[1] = ip[1];
}
#endif
#if defined(__hpux) || defined(__hpux__)
// We can directly patch the slot number
#define IA64_CAN_PATCH_IP_SLOT  1
// Helper macros to access the machine context
#define IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE               ucontext_t *
#define IA64_CONTEXT                    ucp
#define IA64_GET_IP()                   ia64_get_ip(IA64_CONTEXT)
#define IA64_SET_IP(V)                  ia64_set_ip(IA64_CONTEXT, V)
#define IA64_GET_PR(P)                  ia64_get_pr(IA64_CONTEXT, P)
#define IA64_GET_NAT(I)                 ia64_get_nat(IA64_CONTEXT, I)
#define IA64_GET_GR(R)                  ia64_get_gr(IA64_CONTEXT, R)
#define IA64_SET_GR(R,V,N)              ia64_set_gr(IA64_CONTEXT, R, V, N)
#define UC_ACCESS(FUNC,ARGS)    do { if (__uc_##FUNC ARGS != 0) abort(); } while (0)

static inline uint64_t ia64_get_ip(IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT)
        { uint64_t v; UC_ACCESS(get_ip,(IA64_CONTEXT, &v)); return v; }
static inline void ia64_set_ip(IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT, uint64_t v)
        { UC_ACCESS(set_ip,(IA64_CONTEXT, v)); }
static inline unsigned int ia64_get_pr(IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT, int pr)
        { uint64_t v; UC_ACCESS(get_prs,(IA64_CONTEXT, &v)); return (v >> pr) & 1; }
static inline unsigned int ia64_get_nat(IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT, int r)
        { uint64_t v; unsigned int nat; UC_ACCESS(get_grs,(IA64_CONTEXT, r, 1, &v, &nat)); return (nat >> r) & 1; }
static inline uint64_t ia64_get_gr(IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT, int r)
        { uint64_t v; unsigned int nat; UC_ACCESS(get_grs,(IA64_CONTEXT, r, 1, &v, &nat)); return v; }

static void ia64_set_gr(IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT, int r, uint64_t v, unsigned int nat)
{
        if (r == 0)
                return;
        if (r > 0 && r < 32)
                UC_ACCESS(set_grs,(IA64_CONTEXT, r, 1, &v, (!!nat) << r));
        else {
                uint64_t bsp, bspstore;
                UC_ACCESS(get_ar_bsp,(IA64_CONTEXT, &bsp));
                UC_ACCESS(get_ar_bspstore,(IA64_CONTEXT, &bspstore));
                abort(); /* XXX: use libunwind, this is not fun... */
        }
}

// Byte-swapping
#if defined(__GNUC__)
#define BSWAP64(V) ({ uint64_t r; __asm__ __volatile__("mux1 %0=%1,@rev;;" : "=r" (r) : "r" (V)); r; })
#elif defined (__HP_aCC)
#define BSWAP64(V) _Asm_mux1(_MBTYPE_REV, V)
#else
#error "Define byte-swap instruction"
#endif

// Load bundle (in little-endian)
static inline void ia64_load_bundle(ia64_bundle_t bundle, uint64_t raw_ip)
{
        uint64_t *ip = (uint64_t *)(raw_ip & ~3ull);
        bundle[0] = BSWAP64(ip[0]);
        bundle[1] = BSWAP64(ip[1]);
}
#endif

// Instruction operations
enum {
        IA64_INST_UNKNOWN = 0,
        IA64_INST_LD1,                          // ld1 op0=[op1]
        IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE,           // ld1 op0=[op1],op2
        IA64_INST_LD2,                          // ld2 op0=[op1]
        IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE,           // ld2 op0=[op1],op2
        IA64_INST_LD4,                          // ld4 op0=[op1]
        IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE,           // ld4 op0=[op1],op2
        IA64_INST_LD8,                          // ld8 op0=[op1]
        IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE,           // ld8 op0=[op1],op2
        IA64_INST_ST1,                          // st1 [op0]=op1
        IA64_INST_ST1_UPDATE,           // st1 [op0]=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_ST2,                          // st2 [op0]=op1
        IA64_INST_ST2_UPDATE,           // st2 [op0]=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_ST4,                          // st4 [op0]=op1
        IA64_INST_ST4_UPDATE,           // st4 [op0]=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_ST8,                          // st8 [op0]=op1
        IA64_INST_ST8_UPDATE,           // st8 [op0]=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_ADD,                          // add op0=op1,op2,op3
        IA64_INST_SUB,                          // sub op0=op1,op2,op3
        IA64_INST_SHLADD,                       // shladd op0=op1,op3,op2
        IA64_INST_AND,                          // and op0=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_ANDCM,                        // andcm op0=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_OR,                           // or op0=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_XOR,                          // xor op0=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_SXT1,                         // sxt1 op0=op1
        IA64_INST_SXT2,                         // sxt2 op0=op1
        IA64_INST_SXT4,                         // sxt4 op0=op1
        IA64_INST_ZXT1,                         // zxt1 op0=op1
        IA64_INST_ZXT2,                         // zxt2 op0=op1
        IA64_INST_ZXT4,                         // zxt4 op0=op1
        IA64_INST_NOP                           // nop op0
};

const int IA64_N_OPERANDS = 4;

// Decoded operand type
struct ia64_operand_t {
        uint8_t commit;                         // commit result of operation to register file?
        uint8_t valid;                          // XXX: not really used, can be removed (debug)
        int8_t index;                           // index of GPR, or -1 if immediate value
        uint8_t nat;                            // NaT state before operation
        uint64_t value;                         // register contents or immediate value
};

// Decoded instruction type
struct ia64_instruction_t {
        uint8_t mnemo;                          // operation to perform
        uint8_t pred;                           // predicate register to check
        uint8_t no_memory;                      // used to emulated main fault instruction
        uint64_t inst;                          // the raw instruction bits (41-bit wide)
        ia64_operand_t operands[IA64_N_OPERANDS];
};

// Get immediate sign-bit
static inline int ia64_inst_get_sbit(uint64_t inst)
{
        return (inst >> 36) & 1;
}

// Get 8-bit immediate value (A3, A8, I27, M30)
static inline uint64_t ia64_inst_get_imm8(uint64_t inst)
{
        uint64_t value = (inst >> 13) & 0x7full;
        if (ia64_inst_get_sbit(inst))
                value |= ~0x7full;
        return value;
}

// Get 9-bit immediate value (M3)
static inline uint64_t ia64_inst_get_imm9b(uint64_t inst)
{
        uint64_t value = (((inst >> 27) & 1) << 7) | ((inst >> 13) & 0x7f);
        if (ia64_inst_get_sbit(inst))
                value |= ~0xffull;
        return value;
}

// Get 9-bit immediate value (M5)
static inline uint64_t ia64_inst_get_imm9a(uint64_t inst)
{
        uint64_t value = (((inst >> 27) & 1) << 7) | ((inst >> 6) & 0x7f);
        if (ia64_inst_get_sbit(inst))
                value |= ~0xffull;
        return value;
}

// Get 14-bit immediate value (A4)
static inline uint64_t ia64_inst_get_imm14(uint64_t inst)
{
        uint64_t value = (((inst >> 27) & 0x3f) << 7) | (inst & 0x7f);
        if (ia64_inst_get_sbit(inst))
                value |= ~0x1ffull;
        return value;
}

// Get 22-bit immediate value (A5)
static inline uint64_t ia64_inst_get_imm22(uint64_t inst)
{
        uint64_t value = ((((inst >> 22) & 0x1f) << 16) |
                                          (((inst >> 27) & 0x1ff) << 7) |
                                          (inst & 0x7f));
        if (ia64_inst_get_sbit(inst))
                value |= ~0x1fffffull;
        return value;
}

// Get 21-bit immediate value (I19)
static inline uint64_t ia64_inst_get_imm21(uint64_t inst)
{
        return (((inst >> 36) & 1) << 20) | ((inst >> 6) & 0xfffff);
}

// Get 2-bit count value (A2)
static inline int ia64_inst_get_count2(uint64_t inst)
{
        return (inst >> 27) & 0x3;
}

// Get bundle template
static inline unsigned int ia64_get_template(uint64_t ip)
{
        ia64_bundle_t bundle;
        ia64_load_bundle(bundle, ip);
        return bundle[0] & 0x1f;
}

// Get specified instruction in bundle
static uint64_t ia64_get_instruction(uint64_t ip, int slot)
{
        uint64_t inst;
        ia64_bundle_t bundle;
        ia64_load_bundle(bundle, ip);
#if DEBUG
        printf("Bundle: %016llx%016llx\n", bundle[1], bundle[0]);
#endif

        switch (slot) {
        case 0:
                inst = (bundle[0] >> 5) & 0x1ffffffffffull;
                break;
        case 1:
                inst = ((bundle[1] & 0x7fffffull) << 18) | ((bundle[0] >> 46) & 0x3ffffull);
                break;
        case 2:
                inst = (bundle[1] >> 23) & 0x1ffffffffffull;
                break;
        case 3:
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ia64_get_instruction(), invalid slot number %d\n", slot);
                abort();
                break;
        }

#if DEBUG
        printf(" Instruction %d: 0x%016llx\n", slot, inst);
#endif
        return inst;
}

// Decode group 0 instructions
static bool ia64_decode_instruction_0(ia64_instruction_t *inst, IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT)
{
        const int r1 = (inst->inst >>  6) & 0x7f;
        const int r3 = (inst->inst >> 20) & 0x7f;

        const int x3 = (inst->inst >> 33) & 0x07;
        const int x6 = (inst->inst >> 27) & 0x3f;
        const int x2 = (inst->inst >> 31) & 0x03;
        const int x4 = (inst->inst >> 27) & 0x0f;

        if (x3 == 0) {
                switch (x6) {
                case 0x01:                                              // nop.i (I19)
                        inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_NOP;
                        inst->operands[0].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[0].index = -1;
                        inst->operands[0].value = ia64_inst_get_imm21(inst->inst);
                        return true;
                case 0x14:                                              // sxt1 (I29)
                case 0x15:                                              // sxt2 (I29)
                case 0x16:                                              // sxt4 (I29)
                case 0x10:                                              // zxt1 (I29)
                case 0x11:                                              // zxt2 (I29)
                case 0x12:                                              // zxt4 (I29)
                        switch (x6) {
                        case 0x14: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_SXT1; break;
                        case 0x15: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_SXT2; break;
                        case 0x16: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_SXT4; break;
                        case 0x10: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ZXT1; break;
                        case 0x11: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ZXT2; break;
                        case 0x12: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ZXT4; break;
                        default: abort();
                        }
                        inst->operands[0].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[0].index = r1;
                        inst->operands[1].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[1].index = r3;
                        inst->operands[1].value = IA64_GET_GR(r3);
                        inst->operands[1].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r3);
                        return true;
                }
        }
        return false;
}

// Decode group 4 instructions (load/store instructions)
static bool ia64_decode_instruction_4(ia64_instruction_t *inst, IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT)
{
        const int r1 = (inst->inst >> 6) & 0x7f;
        const int r2 = (inst->inst >> 13) & 0x7f;
        const int r3 = (inst->inst >> 20) & 0x7f;

        const int m  = (inst->inst >> 36) & 1;
        const int x  = (inst->inst >> 27) & 1;
        const int x6 = (inst->inst >> 30) & 0x3f;

        switch (x6) {
        case 0x00:
        case 0x01:
        case 0x02:
        case 0x03:
                if (x == 0) {
                        inst->operands[0].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[0].index = r1;
                        inst->operands[1].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[1].index = r3;
                        inst->operands[1].value = IA64_GET_GR(r3);
                        inst->operands[1].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r3);
                        if (m == 0) {
                                switch (x6) {
                                case 0x00: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD1; break;
                                case 0x01: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD2; break;
                                case 0x02: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD4; break;
                                case 0x03: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD8; break;
                                }
                        }
                        else {
                                inst->operands[2].valid = true;
                                inst->operands[2].index = r2;
                                inst->operands[2].value = IA64_GET_GR(r2);
                                inst->operands[2].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r2);
                                switch (x6) {
                                case 0x00: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE; break;
                                case 0x01: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE; break;
                                case 0x02: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE; break;
                                case 0x03: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE; break;
                                }
                        }
                        return true;
                }
                break;
        case 0x30:
        case 0x31:
        case 0x32:
        case 0x33:
                if (m == 0 && x == 0) {
                        inst->operands[0].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[0].index = r3;
                        inst->operands[0].value = IA64_GET_GR(r3);
                        inst->operands[0].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r3);
                        inst->operands[1].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[1].index = r2;
                        inst->operands[1].value = IA64_GET_GR(r2);
                        inst->operands[1].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r2);
                        switch (x6) {
                        case 0x30: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST1; break;
                        case 0x31: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST2; break;
                        case 0x32: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST4; break;
                        case 0x33: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST8; break;
                        }
                        return true;
                }
                break;
        }
        return false;
}

// Decode group 5 instructions (load/store instructions)
static bool ia64_decode_instruction_5(ia64_instruction_t *inst, IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT)
{
        const int r1 = (inst->inst >> 6) & 0x7f;
        const int r2 = (inst->inst >> 13) & 0x7f;
        const int r3 = (inst->inst >> 20) & 0x7f;

        const int x6 = (inst->inst >> 30) & 0x3f;

        switch (x6) {
        case 0x00:
        case 0x01:
        case 0x02:
        case 0x03:
                inst->operands[0].valid = true;
                inst->operands[0].index = r1;
                inst->operands[1].valid = true;
                inst->operands[1].index = r3;
                inst->operands[1].value = IA64_GET_GR(r3);
                inst->operands[1].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r3);
                inst->operands[2].valid = true;
                inst->operands[2].index = -1;
                inst->operands[2].value = ia64_inst_get_imm9b(inst->inst);
                inst->operands[2].nat   = 0;
                switch (x6) {
                case 0x00: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE; break;
                case 0x01: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE; break;
                case 0x02: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE; break;
                case 0x03: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE; break;
                }
                return true;
        case 0x30:
        case 0x31:
        case 0x32:
        case 0x33:
                inst->operands[0].valid = true;
                inst->operands[0].index = r3;
                inst->operands[0].value = IA64_GET_GR(r3);
                inst->operands[0].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r3);
                inst->operands[1].valid = true;
                inst->operands[1].index = r2;
                inst->operands[1].value = IA64_GET_GR(r2);
                inst->operands[1].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r2);
                inst->operands[2].valid = true;
                inst->operands[2].index = -1;
                inst->operands[2].value = ia64_inst_get_imm9a(inst->inst);
                inst->operands[2].nat   = 0;
                switch (x6) {
                case 0x30: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST1_UPDATE; break;
                case 0x31: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST2_UPDATE; break;
                case 0x32: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST4_UPDATE; break;
                case 0x33: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST8_UPDATE; break;
                }
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

// Decode group 8 instructions (ALU integer)
static bool ia64_decode_instruction_8(ia64_instruction_t *inst, IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT)
{
        const int r1  = (inst->inst >> 6) & 0x7f;
        const int r2  = (inst->inst >> 13) & 0x7f;
        const int r3  = (inst->inst >> 20) & 0x7f;

        const int x2a = (inst->inst >> 34) & 0x3;
        const int x2b = (inst->inst >> 27) & 0x3;
        const int x4  = (inst->inst >> 29) & 0xf;
        const int ve  = (inst->inst >> 33) & 0x1;

        // destination register (r1) is always valid in this group
        inst->operands[0].valid = true;
        inst->operands[0].index = r1;

        // source register (r3) is always valid in this group
        inst->operands[2].valid = true;
        inst->operands[2].index = r3;
        inst->operands[2].value = IA64_GET_GR(r3);
        inst->operands[2].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r3);

        if (x2a == 0 && ve == 0) {
                inst->operands[1].valid = true;
                inst->operands[1].index = r2;
                inst->operands[1].value = IA64_GET_GR(r2);
                inst->operands[1].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r2);
                switch (x4) {
                case 0x0:                               // add (A1)
                        inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ADD;
                        inst->operands[3].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[3].index = -1;
                        inst->operands[3].value = x2b == 1;
                        return true;
                case 0x1:                               // add (A1)
                        inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_SUB;
                        inst->operands[3].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[3].index = -1;
                        inst->operands[3].value = x2b == 0;
                        return true;
                case 0x4:                               // shladd (A2)
                        inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_SHLADD;
                        inst->operands[3].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[3].index = -1;
                        inst->operands[3].value = ia64_inst_get_count2(inst->inst);
                        return true;
                case 0x9:
                        if (x2b == 1) {
                                inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_SUB;
                                inst->operands[1].index = -1;
                                inst->operands[1].value = ia64_inst_get_imm8(inst->inst);
                                inst->operands[1].nat   = 0;
                                return true;
                        }
                        break;
                case 0xb:
                        inst->operands[1].index = -1;
                        inst->operands[1].value = ia64_inst_get_imm8(inst->inst);
                        inst->operands[1].nat   = 0;
                        // fall-through
                case 0x3:
                        switch (x2b) {
                        case 0: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_AND;   break;
                        case 1: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ANDCM; break;
                        case 2: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_OR;    break;
                        case 3: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_XOR;   break;
                        }
                        return true;
                }
        }
        return false;
}

// Decode instruction
static bool ia64_decode_instruction(ia64_instruction_t *inst, IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT)
{
        const int major = (inst->inst >> 37) & 0xf;

        inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_UNKNOWN;
        inst->pred  = inst->inst & 0x3f;
        memset(&inst->operands[0], 0, sizeof(inst->operands));

        switch (major) {
        case 0x0: return ia64_decode_instruction_0(inst, IA64_CONTEXT);
        case 0x4: return ia64_decode_instruction_4(inst, IA64_CONTEXT);
        case 0x5: return ia64_decode_instruction_5(inst, IA64_CONTEXT);
        case 0x8: return ia64_decode_instruction_8(inst, IA64_CONTEXT);
        }
        return false;
}

static bool ia64_emulate_instruction(ia64_instruction_t *inst, IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT)
{
        // XXX: handle Register NaT Consumption fault?
        // XXX: this simple emulator assumes instructions in a bundle
        // don't depend on effects of other instructions in the same
        // bundle. It probably would be simpler to JIT-generate code to be
        // executed natively but probably more costly (inject/extract CPU state)
        if (inst->mnemo == IA64_INST_UNKNOWN)
                return false;
        if (inst->pred && !IA64_GET_PR(inst->pred))
                return true;

        uint8_t nat, nat2;
        uint64_t dst, dst2, src1, src2, src3;

        switch (inst->mnemo) {
        case IA64_INST_NOP:
                break;
        case IA64_INST_ADD:
        case IA64_INST_SUB:
        case IA64_INST_SHLADD:
                src3 = inst->operands[3].value;
                // fall-through
        case IA64_INST_AND:
        case IA64_INST_ANDCM:
        case IA64_INST_OR:
        case IA64_INST_XOR:
                src1 = inst->operands[1].value;
                src2 = inst->operands[2].value;
                switch (inst->mnemo) {
                case IA64_INST_ADD:   dst = src1 + src2 + src3; break;
                case IA64_INST_SUB:   dst = src1 - src2 - src3; break;
                case IA64_INST_SHLADD: dst = (src1 << src3) + src2; break;
                case IA64_INST_AND:   dst = src1 & src2;                break;
                case IA64_INST_ANDCM: dst = src1 &~ src2;               break;
                case IA64_INST_OR:    dst = src1 | src2;                break;
                case IA64_INST_XOR:   dst = src1 ^ src2;                break;
                }
                inst->operands[0].commit = true;
                inst->operands[0].value  = dst;
                inst->operands[0].nat    = inst->operands[1].nat | inst->operands[2].nat;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_SXT1:
        case IA64_INST_SXT2:
        case IA64_INST_SXT4:
        case IA64_INST_ZXT1:
        case IA64_INST_ZXT2:
        case IA64_INST_ZXT4:
                src1 = inst->operands[1].value;
                switch (inst->mnemo) {
                case IA64_INST_SXT1: dst = (int64_t)(int8_t)src1;               break;
                case IA64_INST_SXT2: dst = (int64_t)(int16_t)src1;              break;
                case IA64_INST_SXT4: dst = (int64_t)(int32_t)src1;              break;
                case IA64_INST_ZXT1: dst = (uint8_t)src1;                               break;
                case IA64_INST_ZXT2: dst = (uint16_t)src1;                              break;
                case IA64_INST_ZXT4: dst = (uint32_t)src1;                              break;
                }
                inst->operands[0].commit = true;
                inst->operands[0].value  = dst;
                inst->operands[0].nat    = inst->operands[1].nat;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE:
                inst->operands[1].commit = true;
                dst2 = inst->operands[1].value + inst->operands[2].value;
                nat2 = inst->operands[2].nat ? inst->operands[2].nat : 0;
                // fall-through
        case IA64_INST_LD1:
        case IA64_INST_LD2:
        case IA64_INST_LD4:
        case IA64_INST_LD8:
                src1 = inst->operands[1].value;
                if (inst->no_memory)
                        dst = 0;
                else {
                        switch (inst->mnemo) {
                        case IA64_INST_LD1: case IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE: dst = *((uint8_t *)src1);        break;
                        case IA64_INST_LD2: case IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE: dst = *((uint16_t *)src1);       break;
                        case IA64_INST_LD4: case IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE: dst = *((uint32_t *)src1);       break;
                        case IA64_INST_LD8: case IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE: dst = *((uint64_t *)src1);       break;
                        }
                }
                inst->operands[0].commit = true;
                inst->operands[0].value  = dst;
                inst->operands[0].nat    = 0;
                inst->operands[1].value  = dst2;
                inst->operands[1].nat    = nat2;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_ST1_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST2_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST4_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST8_UPDATE:
                inst->operands[0].commit = 0;
                dst2 = inst->operands[0].value + inst->operands[2].value;
                nat2 = inst->operands[2].nat ? inst->operands[2].nat : 0;
                // fall-through
        case IA64_INST_ST1:
        case IA64_INST_ST2:
        case IA64_INST_ST4:
        case IA64_INST_ST8:
                dst  = inst->operands[0].value;
                src1 = inst->operands[1].value;
                if (!inst->no_memory) {
                        switch (inst->mnemo) {
                        case IA64_INST_ST1: case IA64_INST_ST1_UPDATE: *((uint8_t *)dst) = src1;        break;
                        case IA64_INST_ST2: case IA64_INST_ST2_UPDATE: *((uint16_t *)dst) = src1;       break;
                        case IA64_INST_ST4: case IA64_INST_ST4_UPDATE: *((uint32_t *)dst) = src1;       break;
                        case IA64_INST_ST8: case IA64_INST_ST8_UPDATE: *((uint64_t *)dst) = src1;       break;
                        }
                }
                inst->operands[0].value  = dst2;
                inst->operands[0].nat    = nat2;
                break;
        default:
                return false;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < IA64_N_OPERANDS; i++) {
                ia64_operand_t const & op = inst->operands[i];
                if (!op.commit)
                        continue;
                if (op.index == -1)
                        return false; // XXX: internal error
                IA64_SET_GR(op.index, op.value, op.nat);
        }
        return true;
}

static bool ia64_emulate_instruction(uint64_t raw_inst, IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT)
{
        ia64_instruction_t inst;
        memset(&inst, 0, sizeof(inst));
        inst.inst = raw_inst;
        if (!ia64_decode_instruction(&inst, IA64_CONTEXT))
                return false;
        return ia64_emulate_instruction(&inst, IA64_CONTEXT);
}

static bool ia64_skip_instruction(IA64_CONTEXT_TYPE IA64_CONTEXT)
{
        uint64_t ip = IA64_GET_IP();
#if DEBUG
        printf("IP: 0x%016llx\n", ip);
#if 0
        printf(" Template 0x%02x\n", ia64_get_template(ip));
        ia64_get_instruction(ip, 0);
        ia64_get_instruction(ip, 1);
        ia64_get_instruction(ip, 2);
#endif
#endif

        // Select which decode switch to use
        ia64_instruction_t inst;
        inst.inst = ia64_get_instruction(ip, ip & 3);
        if (!ia64_decode_instruction(&inst, IA64_CONTEXT)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ia64_skip_instruction(): could not decode instruction\n");
                return false;
        }

        transfer_type_t transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN;
        transfer_size_t transfer_size = SIZE_UNKNOWN;

        switch (inst.mnemo) {
        case IA64_INST_LD1:
        case IA64_INST_LD2:
        case IA64_INST_LD4:
        case IA64_INST_LD8:
        case IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE:
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_ST1:
        case IA64_INST_ST2:
        case IA64_INST_ST4:
        case IA64_INST_ST8:
        case IA64_INST_ST1_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST2_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST4_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST8_UPDATE:
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
                break;
        }

        if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN) {
                // Unknown machine code, let it crash. Then patch the decoder
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ia64_skip_instruction(): not a load/store instruction\n");
                return false;
        }

        switch (inst.mnemo) {
        case IA64_INST_LD1:
        case IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST1:
        case IA64_INST_ST1_UPDATE:
                transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_LD2:
        case IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST2:
        case IA64_INST_ST2_UPDATE:
                transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_LD4:
        case IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST4:
        case IA64_INST_ST4_UPDATE:
                transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_LD8:
        case IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST8:
        case IA64_INST_ST8_UPDATE:
                transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
                break;
        }

        if (transfer_size == SIZE_UNKNOWN) {
                // Unknown machine code, let it crash. Then patch the decoder
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ia64_skip_instruction(): unknown transfer size\n");
                return false;
        }

        inst.no_memory = true;
        if (!ia64_emulate_instruction(&inst, IA64_CONTEXT)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ia64_skip_instruction(): could not emulate fault instruction\n");
                return false;
        }

        int slot = ip & 3;
        bool emulate_next = false;
        switch (slot) {
        case 0:
                switch (ia64_get_template(ip)) {
                case 0x2: // MI;I
                case 0x3: // MI;I;
                        emulate_next = true;
                        slot = 2;
                        break;
                case 0xa: // M;MI
                case 0xb: // M;MI;
                        emulate_next = true;
                        slot = 1;
                        break;
                }
                break;
        }
        if (emulate_next && !IA64_CAN_PATCH_IP_SLOT) {
                while (slot < 3) {
                        if (!ia64_emulate_instruction(ia64_get_instruction(ip, slot), IA64_CONTEXT)) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ia64_skip_instruction(): could not emulate instruction\n");
                                return false;
                        }
                        ++slot;
                }
        }

#if IA64_CAN_PATCH_IP_SLOT
        if ((slot = ip & 3) < 2)
                IA64_SET_IP((ip & ~3ull) + (slot + 1));
        else
#endif
                IA64_SET_IP((ip & ~3ull) + 16);
#if DEBUG
        printf("IP: 0x%016llx\n", IA64_GET_IP());
#endif
        return true;
}
#endif

// Decode and skip PPC instruction
#if (defined(powerpc) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc__) || defined(__ppc64__))
static bool powerpc_skip_instruction(unsigned long * nip_p, unsigned long * regs)
{
        instruction_t instr;
        powerpc_decode_instruction(&instr, *nip_p, regs);
        
        if (instr.transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN) {
                // Unknown machine code, let it crash. Then patch the decoder
                return false;
        }

#if DEBUG
        printf("%08x: %s %s access", *nip_p,
                   instr.transfer_size == SIZE_BYTE ? "byte" :
                   instr.transfer_size == SIZE_WORD ? "word" :
                   instr.transfer_size == SIZE_LONG ? "long" : "quad",
                   instr.transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD ? "read" : "write");
        
        if (instr.addr_mode == MODE_U || instr.addr_mode == MODE_UX)
                printf(" r%d (ra = %08x)\n", instr.ra, instr.addr);
        if (instr.transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD)
                printf(" r%d (rd = 0)\n", instr.rd);
#endif
        
        if (instr.addr_mode == MODE_U || instr.addr_mode == MODE_UX)
                regs[instr.ra] = instr.addr;
        if (instr.transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD)
                regs[instr.rd] = 0;
        
        *nip_p += 4;
        return true;
}
#endif

// Decode and skip MIPS instruction
#if (defined(mips) || defined(__mips))
static bool mips_skip_instruction(greg_t * pc_p, greg_t * regs)
{
  unsigned int * epc = (unsigned int *)(unsigned long)*pc_p;

  if (epc == 0)
        return false;

#if DEBUG
  printf("IP: %p [%08x]\n", epc, epc[0]);
#endif

  transfer_type_t transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN;
  transfer_size_t transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
  int direction = 0;

  const unsigned int opcode = epc[0];
  switch (opcode >> 26) {
  case 32: // Load Byte
  case 36: // Load Byte Unsigned
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        break;
  case 33: // Load Halfword
  case 37: // Load Halfword Unsigned
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
        break;
  case 35: // Load Word
  case 39: // Load Word Unsigned
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  case 34: // Load Word Left
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        direction = -1;
        break;
  case 38: // Load Word Right
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        direction = 1;
        break;
  case 55: // Load Doubleword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        break;
  case 26: // Load Doubleword Left
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        direction = -1;
        break;
  case 27: // Load Doubleword Right
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        direction = 1;
        break;
  case 40: // Store Byte
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        break;
  case 41: // Store Halfword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
        break;
  case 43: // Store Word
  case 42: // Store Word Left
  case 46: // Store Word Right
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  case 63: // Store Doubleword
  case 44: // Store Doubleword Left
  case 45: // Store Doubleword Right
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        break;
  /* Misc instructions unlikely to be used within CPU emulators */
  case 48: // Load Linked Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  case 52: // Load Linked Doubleword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        break;
  case 56: // Store Conditional Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  case 60: // Store Conditional Doubleword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        break;
  }

  if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN) {
        // Unknown machine code, let it crash. Then patch the decoder
        return false;
  }

  // Zero target register in case of a load operation
  const int reg = (opcode >> 16) & 0x1f;
  if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD) {
        if (direction == 0)
          regs[reg] = 0;
        else {
          // FIXME: untested code
          unsigned long ea = regs[(opcode >> 21) & 0x1f];
          ea += (signed long)(signed int)(signed short)(opcode & 0xffff);
          const int offset = ea & (transfer_size == SIZE_LONG ? 3 : 7);
          unsigned long value;
          if (direction > 0) {
                const unsigned long rmask = ~((1L << ((offset + 1) * 8)) - 1);
                value = regs[reg] & rmask;
          }
          else {
                const unsigned long lmask = (1L << (offset * 8)) - 1;
                value = regs[reg] & lmask;
          }
          // restore most significant bits
          if (transfer_size == SIZE_LONG)
                value = (signed long)(signed int)value;
          regs[reg] = value;
        }
  }

#if DEBUG
#if (defined(_ABIN32) || defined(_ABI64))
  static const char * mips_gpr_names[32] = {
        "zero", "at",   "v0",   "v1",   "a0",   "a1",   "a2",   "a3",
        "t0",   "t1",   "t2",   "t3",   "t4",   "t5",   "t6",   "t7",
        "s0",   "s1",   "s2",   "s3",   "s4",   "s5",   "s6",   "s7",
        "t8",   "t9",   "k0",   "k1",   "gp",   "sp",   "s8",   "ra"
  };
#else
  static const char * mips_gpr_names[32] = {
        "zero", "at",   "v0",   "v1",   "a0",   "a1",   "a2",   "a3",
        "a4",   "a5",   "a6",   "a7",   "t0",   "t1",   "t2",   "t3",
        "s0",   "s1",   "s2",   "s3",   "s4",   "s5",   "s6",   "s7",
        "t8",   "t9",   "k0",   "k1",   "gp",   "sp",   "s8",   "ra"
  };
#endif
  printf("%s %s register %s\n",
                 transfer_size == SIZE_BYTE ? "byte" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_WORD ? "word" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_LONG ? "long" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_QUAD ? "quad" : "unknown",
                 transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD ? "load to" : "store from",
                 mips_gpr_names[reg]);
#endif

  *pc_p += 4;
  return true;
}
#endif

// Decode and skip SPARC instruction
#if (defined(sparc) || defined(__sparc__))
enum {
#if (defined(__sun__))
  SPARC_REG_G1 = REG_G1,
  SPARC_REG_O0 = REG_O0,
  SPARC_REG_PC = REG_PC,
  SPARC_REG_nPC = REG_nPC
#endif
};
static bool sparc_skip_instruction(unsigned long * regs, gwindows_t * gwins, struct rwindow * rwin)
{
  unsigned int * pc = (unsigned int *)regs[SPARC_REG_PC];

  if (pc == 0)
        return false;

#if DEBUG
  printf("IP: %p [%08x]\n", pc, pc[0]);
#endif

  transfer_type_t transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN;
  transfer_size_t transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
  bool register_pair = false;

  const unsigned int opcode = pc[0];
  if ((opcode >> 30) != 3)
        return false;
  switch ((opcode >> 19) & 0x3f) {
  case 9: // Load Signed Byte
  case 1: // Load Unsigned Byte
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        break;
  case 10:// Load Signed Halfword
  case 2: // Load Unsigned Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
        break;
  case 8: // Load Word
  case 0: // Load Unsigned Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  case 11:// Load Extended Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        break;
  case 3: // Load Doubleword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        register_pair = true;
        break;
  case 5: // Store Byte
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        break;
  case 6: // Store Halfword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
        break;
  case 4: // Store Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  case 14:// Store Extended Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        break;
  case 7: // Store Doubleword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        register_pair = true;
        break;
  }

  if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN) {
        // Unknown machine code, let it crash. Then patch the decoder
        return false;
  }

  const int reg = (opcode >> 25) & 0x1f;

#if DEBUG
  static const char * reg_names[] = {
        "g0", "g1", "g2", "g3", "g4", "g5", "g6", "g7",
        "o0", "o1", "o2", "o3", "o4", "o5", "sp", "o7",
        "l0", "l1", "l2", "l3", "l4", "l5", "l6", "l7",
        "i0", "i1", "i2", "i3", "i4", "i5", "fp", "i7"
  };
  printf("%s %s register %s\n",
                 transfer_size == SIZE_BYTE ? "byte" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_WORD ? "word" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_LONG ? "long" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_QUAD ? "quad" : "unknown",
                 transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD ? "load to" : "store from",
                 reg_names[reg]);
#endif

  // Zero target register in case of a load operation
  if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD && reg != 0) {
        // FIXME: code to handle local & input registers is not tested
        if (reg >= 1 && reg < 8) {
          // global registers
          regs[reg - 1 + SPARC_REG_G1] = 0;
        }
        else if (reg >= 8 && reg < 16) {
          // output registers
          regs[reg - 8 + SPARC_REG_O0] = 0;
        }
        else if (reg >= 16 && reg < 24) {
          // local registers (in register windows)
          if (gwins)
                gwins->wbuf->rw_local[reg - 16] = 0;
          else
                rwin->rw_local[reg - 16] = 0;
        }
        else {
          // input registers (in register windows)
          if (gwins)
                gwins->wbuf->rw_in[reg - 24] = 0;
          else
                rwin->rw_in[reg - 24] = 0;
        }
  }

  regs[SPARC_REG_PC] += 4;
  regs[SPARC_REG_nPC] += 4;
  return true;
}
#endif
#endif

// Decode and skip ARM instruction
#if (defined(arm) || defined(__arm__))
enum {
#if (defined(__linux__))
  ARM_REG_PC = 15,
  ARM_REG_CPSR = 16
#endif
};
static bool arm_skip_instruction(unsigned long * regs)
{
  unsigned int * pc = (unsigned int *)regs[ARM_REG_PC];

  if (pc == 0)
        return false;

#if DEBUG
  printf("IP: %p [%08x]\n", pc, pc[0]);
#endif

  transfer_type_t transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN;
  transfer_size_t transfer_size = SIZE_UNKNOWN;
  enum { op_sdt = 1, op_sdth = 2 };
  int op = 0;

  // Handle load/store instructions only
  const unsigned int opcode = pc[0];
  switch ((opcode >> 25) & 7) {
  case 0: // Halfword and Signed Data Transfer (LDRH, STRH, LDRSB, LDRSH)
        op = op_sdth;
        // Determine transfer size (S/H bits)
        switch ((opcode >> 5) & 3) {
        case 0: // SWP instruction
          break;
        case 1: // Unsigned halfwords
        case 3: // Signed halfwords
          transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
          break;
        case 2: // Signed byte
          transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
          break;
        }
        break;
  case 2:
  case 3: // Single Data Transfer (LDR, STR)
        op = op_sdt;
        // Determine transfer size (B bit)
        if (((opcode >> 22) & 1) == 1)
          transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        else
          transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  default:
        // FIXME: support load/store mutliple?
        return false;
  }

  // Check for invalid transfer size (SWP instruction?)
  if (transfer_size == SIZE_UNKNOWN)
        return false;

  // Determine transfer type (L bit)
  if (((opcode >> 20) & 1) == 1)
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
  else
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;

  // Compute offset
  int offset;
  if (((opcode >> 25) & 1) == 0) {
        if (op == op_sdt)
          offset = opcode & 0xfff;
        else if (op == op_sdth) {
          int rm = opcode & 0xf;
          if (((opcode >> 22) & 1) == 0) {
                // register offset
                offset = regs[rm];
          }
          else {
                // immediate offset
                offset = ((opcode >> 4) & 0xf0) | (opcode & 0x0f);
          }
        }
  }
  else {
        const int rm = opcode & 0xf;
        const int sh = (opcode >> 7) & 0x1f;
        if (((opcode >> 4) & 1) == 1) {
          // we expect only legal load/store instructions
          printf("FATAL: invalid shift operand\n");
          return false;
        }
        const unsigned int v = regs[rm];
        switch ((opcode >> 5) & 3) {
        case 0: // logical shift left
          offset = sh ? v << sh : v;
          break;
        case 1: // logical shift right
          offset = sh ? v >> sh : 0;
          break;
        case 2: // arithmetic shift right
          if (sh)
                offset = ((signed int)v) >> sh;
          else
                offset = (v & 0x80000000) ? 0xffffffff : 0;
          break;
        case 3: // rotate right
          if (sh)
                offset = (v >> sh) | (v << (32 - sh));
          else
                offset = (v >> 1) | ((regs[ARM_REG_CPSR] << 2) & 0x80000000);
          break;
        }
  }
  if (((opcode >> 23) & 1) == 0)
        offset = -offset;

  int rd = (opcode >> 12) & 0xf;
  int rn = (opcode >> 16) & 0xf;
#if DEBUG
  static const char * reg_names[] = {
        "r0", "r1", "r2", "r3", "r4", "r5", "r6", "r7",
        "r9", "r9", "sl", "fp", "ip", "sp", "lr", "pc"
  };
  printf("%s %s register %s\n",
                 transfer_size == SIZE_BYTE ? "byte" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_WORD ? "word" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_LONG ? "long" : "unknown",
                 transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD ? "load to" : "store from",
                 reg_names[rd]);
#endif

  unsigned int base = regs[rn];
  if (((opcode >> 24) & 1) == 1)
        base += offset;

  if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD)
        regs[rd] = 0;

  if (((opcode >> 24) & 1) == 0)                // post-index addressing
        regs[rn] += offset;
  else if (((opcode >> 21) & 1) == 1)   // write-back address into base
        regs[rn] = base;

  regs[ARM_REG_PC] += 4;
  return true;
}
#endif


// Fallbacks
#ifndef SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS_FAST
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS_FAST              SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS
#endif
#ifndef SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_FAST
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_FAST  SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION
#endif
#ifndef SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_INVALID_ADDRESS
#endif
#ifndef SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST_1
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST_1 SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST
#endif
#ifndef SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_INVOKE
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_INVOKE(P) sigsegv_fault_handler(P)
#endif

// SIGSEGV recovery supported ?
#if defined(SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS) && defined(SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST) && defined(SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS)
#define HAVE_SIGSEGV_RECOVERY
#endif


/*
 *  SIGSEGV global handler
 */

struct sigsegv_info_t {
        sigsegv_address_t addr;
        sigsegv_address_t pc;
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
        mach_port_t thread;
        bool has_exc_state;
        SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_TYPE exc_state;
        mach_msg_type_number_t exc_state_count;
        bool has_thr_state;
        SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_TYPE thr_state;
        mach_msg_type_number_t thr_state_count;
#endif
};

#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
static void mach_get_exception_state(sigsegv_info_t *SIP)
{
        SIP->exc_state_count = SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT;
        kern_return_t krc = thread_get_state(SIP->thread,
                                                                                 SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_FLAVOR,
                                                                                 (natural_t *)&SIP->exc_state,
                                                                                 &SIP->exc_state_count);
        MACH_CHECK_ERROR(thread_get_state, krc);
        SIP->has_exc_state = true;
}

static void mach_get_thread_state(sigsegv_info_t *SIP)
{
        SIP->thr_state_count = SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_COUNT;
        kern_return_t krc = thread_get_state(SIP->thread,
                                                                                 SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR,
                                                                                 (natural_t *)&SIP->thr_state,
                                                                                 &SIP->thr_state_count);
        MACH_CHECK_ERROR(thread_get_state, krc);
        SIP->has_thr_state = true;
}

static void mach_set_thread_state(sigsegv_info_t *SIP)
{
        kern_return_t krc = thread_set_state(SIP->thread,
                                                                                 SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR,
                                                                                 (natural_t *)&SIP->thr_state,
                                                                                 SIP->thr_state_count);
        MACH_CHECK_ERROR(thread_set_state, krc);
}
#endif

// Return the address of the invalid memory reference
sigsegv_address_t sigsegv_get_fault_address(sigsegv_info_t *SIP)
{
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
        static int use_fast_path = -1;
        if (use_fast_path != 1 && !SIP->has_exc_state) {
                mach_get_exception_state(SIP);

                sigsegv_address_t addr = (sigsegv_address_t)SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS;
                if (use_fast_path < 0) {
                        const char *machfault = getenv("SIGSEGV_MACH_FAULT");
                        if (machfault) {
                                if (strcmp(machfault, "fast") == 0)
                                        use_fast_path = 1;
                                else if (strcmp(machfault, "slow") == 0)
                                        use_fast_path = 0;
                        }
                        if (use_fast_path < 0)
                                use_fast_path = addr == SIP->addr;
                }
                SIP->addr = addr;
        }
#endif
        return SIP->addr;
}

// Return the address of the instruction that caused the fault, or
// SIGSEGV_INVALID_ADDRESS if we could not retrieve this information
sigsegv_address_t sigsegv_get_fault_instruction_address(sigsegv_info_t *SIP)
{
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
        if (!SIP->has_thr_state) {
                mach_get_thread_state(SIP);

                SIP->pc = (sigsegv_address_t)SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION;
        }
#endif
        return SIP->pc;
}

// This function handles the badaccess to memory.
// It is called from the signal handler or the exception handler.
static bool handle_badaccess(SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST_1)
{
        sigsegv_info_t SI;
        SI.addr = (sigsegv_address_t)SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS_FAST;
        SI.pc = (sigsegv_address_t)SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_FAST;
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
        SI.thread = thread;
        SI.has_exc_state = false;
        SI.has_thr_state = false;
#endif
        sigsegv_info_t * const SIP = &SI;

        // Call user's handler and reinstall the global handler, if required
        switch (SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_INVOKE(SIP)) {
        case SIGSEGV_RETURN_SUCCESS:
                return true;

#if HAVE_SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION
        case SIGSEGV_RETURN_SKIP_INSTRUCTION:
                // Call the instruction skipper with the register file
                // available
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
                if (!SIP->has_thr_state)
                        mach_get_thread_state(SIP);
#endif
                if (SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE)) {
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
                        // Unlike UNIX signals where the thread state
                        // is modified off of the stack, in Mach we
                        // need to actually call thread_set_state to
                        // have the register values updated.
                        mach_set_thread_state(SIP);
#endif
                        return true;
                }
                break;
#endif
        case SIGSEGV_RETURN_FAILURE:
                // We can't do anything with the fault_address, dump state?
                if (sigsegv_state_dumper != 0)
                        sigsegv_state_dumper(SIP);
                break;
        }

        return false;
}


/*
 * There are two mechanisms for handling a bad memory access,
 * Mach exceptions and UNIX signals. The implementation specific
 * code appears below. Its reponsibility is to call handle_badaccess
 * which is the routine that handles the fault in an implementation
 * agnostic manner. The implementation specific code below is then
 * reponsible for checking whether handle_badaccess was able
 * to handle the memory access error and perform any implementation
 * specific tasks necessary afterwards.
 */

#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
/*
 * We need to forward all exceptions that we do not handle.
 * This is important, there are many exceptions that may be
 * handled by other exception handlers. For example debuggers
 * use exceptions and the exception hander is in another
 * process in such a case. (Timothy J. Wood states in his
 * message to the list that he based this code on that from
 * gdb for Darwin.)
 */
static inline kern_return_t
forward_exception(mach_port_t thread_port,
                                  mach_port_t task_port,
                                  exception_type_t exception_type,
                                  mach_exception_data_t exception_data,
                                  mach_msg_type_number_t data_count,
                                  ExceptionPorts *oldExceptionPorts)
{
        kern_return_t kret;
        unsigned int portIndex;
        mach_port_t port;
        exception_behavior_t behavior;
        thread_state_flavor_t flavor;
        thread_state_data_t thread_state;
        mach_msg_type_number_t thread_state_count;

        for (portIndex = 0; portIndex < oldExceptionPorts->maskCount; portIndex++) {
                if (oldExceptionPorts->masks[portIndex] & (1 << exception_type)) {
                        // This handler wants the exception
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (portIndex >= oldExceptionPorts->maskCount) {
                fprintf(stderr, "No handler for exception_type = %d. Not fowarding\n", exception_type);
                return KERN_FAILURE;
        }

        port = oldExceptionPorts->handlers[portIndex];
        behavior = oldExceptionPorts->behaviors[portIndex];
        flavor = oldExceptionPorts->flavors[portIndex];

        if (!VALID_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR(flavor)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Invalid thread_state flavor = %d. Not forwarding\n", flavor);
                return KERN_FAILURE;
        }

        /*
         fprintf(stderr, "forwarding exception, port = 0x%x, behaviour = %d, flavor = %d\n", port, behavior, flavor);
         */

        if (behavior != EXCEPTION_DEFAULT) {
                thread_state_count = THREAD_STATE_MAX;
                kret = thread_get_state (thread_port, flavor, (natural_t *)&thread_state,
                                                                 &thread_state_count);
                MACH_CHECK_ERROR (thread_get_state, kret);
        }

        switch (behavior) {
        case EXCEPTION_DEFAULT:
          // fprintf(stderr, "forwarding to exception_raise\n");
          kret = mach_exception_raise(port, thread_port, task_port, exception_type,
                                                                  exception_data, data_count);
          MACH_CHECK_ERROR (mach_exception_raise, kret);
          break;
        case EXCEPTION_STATE:
          // fprintf(stderr, "forwarding to exception_raise_state\n");
          kret = mach_exception_raise_state(port, exception_type, exception_data,
                                                                                data_count, &flavor,
                                                                                (natural_t *)&thread_state, thread_state_count,
                                                                                (natural_t *)&thread_state, &thread_state_count);
          MACH_CHECK_ERROR (mach_exception_raise_state, kret);
          break;
        case EXCEPTION_STATE_IDENTITY:
          // fprintf(stderr, "forwarding to exception_raise_state_identity\n");
          kret = mach_exception_raise_state_identity(port, thread_port, task_port,
                                                                                                 exception_type, exception_data,
                                                                                                 data_count, &flavor,
                                                                                                 (natural_t *)&thread_state, thread_state_count,
                                                                                                 (natural_t *)&thread_state, &thread_state_count);
          MACH_CHECK_ERROR (mach_exception_raise_state_identity, kret);
          break;
        default:
          fprintf(stderr, "forward_exception got unknown behavior\n");
          kret = KERN_FAILURE;
          break;
        }

        if (behavior != EXCEPTION_DEFAULT) {
                kret = thread_set_state (thread_port, flavor, (natural_t *)&thread_state,
                                                                 thread_state_count);
                MACH_CHECK_ERROR (thread_set_state, kret);
        }

        return kret;
}

/*
 * This is the code that actually handles the exception.
 * It is called by exc_server. For Darwin 5 Apple changed
 * this a bit from how this family of functions worked in
 * Mach. If you are familiar with that it is a little
 * different. The main variation that concerns us here is
 * that code is an array of exception specific codes and
 * codeCount is a count of the number of codes in the code
 * array. In typical Mach all exceptions have a code
 * and sub-code. It happens to be the case that for a
 * EXC_BAD_ACCESS exception the first entry is the type of
 * bad access that occurred and the second entry is the
 * faulting address so these entries correspond exactly to
 * how the code and sub-code are used on Mach.
 *
 * This is a MIG interface. No code in Basilisk II should
 * call this directley. This has to have external C
 * linkage because that is what exc_server expects.
 */
kern_return_t
catch_mach_exception_raise(mach_port_t exception_port,
                                                   mach_port_t thread,
                                                   mach_port_t task,
                                                   exception_type_t exception,
                                                   mach_exception_data_t code,
                                                   mach_msg_type_number_t code_count)
{
        kern_return_t krc;

        if (exception == EXC_BAD_ACCESS) {
                switch (code[0]) {
                case KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE:
                case KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS:
                        if (handle_badaccess(SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS))
                                return KERN_SUCCESS;
                        break;
                }
        }

        // In Mach we do not need to remove the exception handler.
        // If we forward the exception, eventually some exception handler
        // will take care of this exception.
        krc = forward_exception(thread, task, exception, code, code_count, &ports);

        return krc;
}

/* XXX: borrowed from launchd and gdb */
kern_return_t
catch_mach_exception_raise_state(mach_port_t exception_port,
                                                                 exception_type_t exception,
                                                                 mach_exception_data_t code,
                                                                 mach_msg_type_number_t code_count,
                                                                 int *flavor,
                                                                 thread_state_t old_state,
                                                                 mach_msg_type_number_t old_state_count,
                                                                 thread_state_t new_state,
                                                                 mach_msg_type_number_t *new_state_count)
{
        memcpy(new_state, old_state, old_state_count * sizeof(old_state[0]));
        *new_state_count = old_state_count;
        return KERN_SUCCESS;
}

/* XXX: borrowed from launchd and gdb */
kern_return_t
catch_mach_exception_raise_state_identity(mach_port_t exception_port,
                                                                                  mach_port_t thread_port,
                                                                                  mach_port_t task_port,
                                                                                  exception_type_t exception,
                                                                                  mach_exception_data_t code,
                                                                                  mach_msg_type_number_t code_count,
                                                                                  int *flavor,
                                                                                  thread_state_t old_state,
                                                                                  mach_msg_type_number_t old_state_count,
                                                                                  thread_state_t new_state,
                                                                                  mach_msg_type_number_t *new_state_count)
{
        kern_return_t kret;

        memcpy(new_state, old_state, old_state_count * sizeof(old_state[0]));
        *new_state_count = old_state_count;

        kret = mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(), task_port);
        MACH_CHECK_ERROR(mach_port_deallocate, kret);
        kret = mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(), thread_port);
        MACH_CHECK_ERROR(mach_port_deallocate, kret);

        return KERN_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SIGSEGV_RECOVERY
// Handle bad memory accesses with signal handler
static void sigsegv_handler(SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST)
{
        // Call handler and reinstall the global handler, if required
        if (handle_badaccess(SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS)) {
#if (defined(HAVE_SIGACTION) ? defined(SIGACTION_NEED_REINSTALL) : defined(SIGNAL_NEED_REINSTALL))
                sigsegv_do_install_handler(sig);
#endif
                return;
        }

        // Failure: reinstall default handler for "safe" crash
#define FAULT_HANDLER(sig) signal(sig, SIG_DFL);
        SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS
#undef FAULT_HANDLER
}
#endif


/*
 *  SIGSEGV handler initialization
 */

#if defined(HAVE_SIGINFO_T)
static bool sigsegv_do_install_handler(int sig)
{
        // Setup SIGSEGV handler to process writes to frame buffer
#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
        struct sigaction sigsegv_sa;
        sigemptyset(&sigsegv_sa.sa_mask);
        sigsegv_sa.sa_sigaction = sigsegv_handler;
        sigsegv_sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
        return (sigaction(sig, &sigsegv_sa, 0) == 0);
#else
        return (signal(sig, (signal_handler)sigsegv_handler) != SIG_ERR);
#endif
}
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_SIGCONTEXT_SUBTERFUGE)
static bool sigsegv_do_install_handler(int sig)
{
        // Setup SIGSEGV handler to process writes to frame buffer
#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
        struct sigaction sigsegv_sa;
        sigemptyset(&sigsegv_sa.sa_mask);
        sigsegv_sa.sa_handler = (signal_handler)sigsegv_handler;
        sigsegv_sa.sa_flags = 0;
#if !EMULATED_68K && defined(__NetBSD__)
        sigaddset(&sigsegv_sa.sa_mask, SIGALRM);
        sigsegv_sa.sa_flags |= SA_ONSTACK;
#endif
        return (sigaction(sig, &sigsegv_sa, 0) == 0);
#else
        return (signal(sig, (signal_handler)sigsegv_handler) != SIG_ERR);
#endif
}
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS)
static bool sigsegv_do_install_handler(sigsegv_fault_handler_t handler)
{
        /*
         * Except for the exception port functions, this should be
         * pretty much stock Mach. If later you choose to support
         * other Mach's besides Darwin, just check for __MACH__
         * here and __APPLE__ where the actual differences are.
         */
#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
        if (sigsegv_fault_handler != NULL) {
                sigsegv_fault_handler = handler;
                return true;
        }

        kern_return_t krc;

        // create the the exception port
        krc = mach_port_allocate(mach_task_self(),
                          MACH_PORT_RIGHT_RECEIVE, &_exceptionPort);
        if (krc != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                mach_error("mach_port_allocate", krc);
                return false;
        }

        // add a port send right
        krc = mach_port_insert_right(mach_task_self(),
                              _exceptionPort, _exceptionPort,
                              MACH_MSG_TYPE_MAKE_SEND);
        if (krc != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                mach_error("mach_port_insert_right", krc);
                return false;
        }

        // get the old exception ports
        ports.maskCount = sizeof (ports.masks) / sizeof (ports.masks[0]);
        krc = thread_get_exception_ports(mach_thread_self(), EXC_MASK_BAD_ACCESS, ports.masks,
                                &ports.maskCount, ports.handlers, ports.behaviors, ports.flavors);
        if (krc != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                mach_error("thread_get_exception_ports", krc);
                return false;
        }

        // set the new exception port
        //
        // We could have used EXCEPTION_STATE_IDENTITY instead of
        // EXCEPTION_DEFAULT to get the thread state in the initial
        // message, but it turns out that in the common case this is not
        // neccessary. If we need it we can later ask for it from the
        // suspended thread.
        //
        // Even with THREAD_STATE_NONE, Darwin provides the program
        // counter in the thread state.  The comments in the header file
        // seem to imply that you can count on the GPR's on an exception
        // as well but just to be safe I use MACHINE_THREAD_STATE because
        // you have to ask for all of the GPR's anyway just to get the
        // program counter. In any case because of update effective
        // address from immediate and update address from effective
        // addresses of ra and rb modes (as good an name as any for these
        // addressing modes) used in PPC instructions, you will need the
        // GPR state anyway.
        krc = thread_set_exception_ports(mach_thread_self(), EXC_MASK_BAD_ACCESS, _exceptionPort,
                                EXCEPTION_DEFAULT | MACH_EXCEPTION_CODES, SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR);
        if (krc != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                mach_error("thread_set_exception_ports", krc);
                return false;
        }

        // create the exception handler thread
        if (pthread_create(&exc_thread, NULL, &handleExceptions, NULL) != 0) {
                (void)fprintf(stderr, "creation of exception thread failed\n");
                return false;
        }

        // do not care about the exception thread any longer, let is run standalone
        (void)pthread_detach(exc_thread);

        sigsegv_fault_handler = handler;
        return true;
#else
        return false;
#endif
}
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_WIN32_EXCEPTIONS
static LONG WINAPI main_exception_filter(EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo)
{
        if (sigsegv_fault_handler != NULL
                && ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION
                && ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->NumberParameters >= 2
                && handle_badaccess(ExceptionInfo))
                return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;

        return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
}

#if defined __CYGWIN__ && defined __i386__
/* In Cygwin programs, SetUnhandledExceptionFilter has no effect because Cygwin
   installs a global exception handler.  We have to dig deep in order to install
   our main_exception_filter.  */

/* Data structures for the current thread's exception handler chain.
   On the x86 Windows uses register fs, offset 0 to point to the current
   exception handler; Cygwin mucks with it, so we must do the same... :-/ */

/* Magic taken from winsup/cygwin/include/exceptions.h.  */

struct exception_list {
    struct exception_list *prev;
    int (*handler) (EXCEPTION_RECORD *, void *, CONTEXT *, void *);
};
typedef struct exception_list exception_list;

/* Magic taken from winsup/cygwin/exceptions.cc.  */

__asm__ (".equ __except_list,0");

extern exception_list *_except_list __asm__ ("%fs:__except_list");

/* For debugging.  _except_list is not otherwise accessible from gdb.  */
static exception_list *
debug_get_except_list ()
{
  return _except_list;
}

/* Cygwin's original exception handler.  */
static int (*cygwin_exception_handler) (EXCEPTION_RECORD *, void *, CONTEXT *, void *);

/* Our exception handler.  */
static int
libsigsegv_exception_handler (EXCEPTION_RECORD *exception, void *frame, CONTEXT *context, void *dispatch)
{
  EXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo;
  ExceptionInfo.ExceptionRecord = exception;
  ExceptionInfo.ContextRecord = context;
  if (main_exception_filter (&ExceptionInfo) == EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH)
    return cygwin_exception_handler (exception, frame, context, dispatch);
  else
    return 0;
}

static void
do_install_main_exception_filter ()
{
  /* We cannot insert any handler into the chain, because such handlers
     must lie on the stack (?).  Instead, we have to replace(!) Cygwin's
     global exception handler.  */
  cygwin_exception_handler = _except_list->handler;
  _except_list->handler = libsigsegv_exception_handler;
}

#else

static void
do_install_main_exception_filter ()
{
  SetUnhandledExceptionFilter ((LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER) &main_exception_filter);
}
#endif

static bool sigsegv_do_install_handler(sigsegv_fault_handler_t handler)
{
        static bool main_exception_filter_installed = false;
        if (!main_exception_filter_installed) {
                do_install_main_exception_filter();
                main_exception_filter_installed = true;
        }
        sigsegv_fault_handler = handler;
        return true;
}
#endif

bool sigsegv_install_handler(sigsegv_fault_handler_t handler)
{
#if defined(HAVE_SIGSEGV_RECOVERY)
        bool success = true;
#define FAULT_HANDLER(sig) success = success && sigsegv_do_install_handler(sig);
        SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS
#undef FAULT_HANDLER
        if (success)
            sigsegv_fault_handler = handler;
        return success;
#elif defined(HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS) || defined(HAVE_WIN32_EXCEPTIONS)
        return sigsegv_do_install_handler(handler);
#else
        // FAIL: no siginfo_t nor sigcontext subterfuge is available
        return false;
#endif
}


/*
 *  SIGSEGV handler deinitialization
 */

void sigsegv_deinstall_handler(void)
{
  // We do nothing for Mach exceptions, the thread would need to be
  // suspended if not already so, and we might mess with other
  // exception handlers that came after we registered ours. There is
  // no need to remove the exception handler, in fact this function is
  // not called anywhere in Basilisk II.
#ifdef HAVE_SIGSEGV_RECOVERY
        sigsegv_fault_handler = 0;
#define FAULT_HANDLER(sig) signal(sig, SIG_DFL);
        SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS
#undef FAULT_HANDLER
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_WIN32_EXCEPTIONS
        sigsegv_fault_handler = NULL;
#endif
}


/*
 *  Set callback function when we cannot handle the fault
 */

void sigsegv_set_dump_state(sigsegv_state_dumper_t handler)
{
        sigsegv_state_dumper = handler;
}


/*
 *  Test program used for configure/test
 */

#ifdef CONFIGURE_TEST_SIGSEGV_RECOVERY
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_MMAN_H
#include <sys/mman.h>
#endif
#include "vm_alloc.h"

const int REF_INDEX = 123;
const int REF_VALUE = 45;

static sigsegv_uintptr_t page_size;
static volatile char * page = 0;
static volatile int handler_called = 0;

/* Barriers */
#ifdef __GNUC__
#define BARRIER() asm volatile ("" : : : "memory")
#else
#define BARRIER() /* nothing */
#endif

#ifdef __GNUC__
// Code range where we expect the fault to come from
static void *b_region, *e_region;
#endif

static sigsegv_return_t sigsegv_test_handler(sigsegv_info_t *sip)
{
        const sigsegv_address_t fault_address = sigsegv_get_fault_address(sip);
        const sigsegv_address_t instruction_address = sigsegv_get_fault_instruction_address(sip);
#if DEBUG
        printf("sigsegv_test_handler(%p, %p)\n", fault_address, instruction_address);
        printf("expected fault at %p\n", page + REF_INDEX);
#ifdef __GNUC__
        printf("expected instruction address range: %p-%p\n", b_region, e_region);
#endif
#endif
        handler_called++;
        if ((fault_address - REF_INDEX) != page)
                exit(10);
#ifdef __GNUC__
        // Make sure reported fault instruction address falls into
        // expected code range
        if (instruction_address != SIGSEGV_INVALID_ADDRESS
                && ((instruction_address <  (sigsegv_address_t)b_region) ||
                        (instruction_address >= (sigsegv_address_t)e_region)))
                exit(11);
#endif
        if (vm_protect((char *)((sigsegv_uintptr_t)fault_address & -page_size), page_size, VM_PAGE_READ | VM_PAGE_WRITE) != 0)
                exit(12);
        return SIGSEGV_RETURN_SUCCESS;
}

#ifdef HAVE_SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION
static sigsegv_return_t sigsegv_insn_handler(sigsegv_info_t *sip)
{
        const sigsegv_address_t fault_address = sigsegv_get_fault_address(sip);
        const sigsegv_address_t instruction_address = sigsegv_get_fault_instruction_address(sip);
#if DEBUG
        printf("sigsegv_insn_handler(%p, %p)\n", fault_address, instruction_address);
#endif
        if (((sigsegv_uintptr_t)fault_address - (sigsegv_uintptr_t)page) < page_size) {
#ifdef __GNUC__
                // Make sure reported fault instruction address falls into
                // expected code range
                if (instruction_address != SIGSEGV_INVALID_ADDRESS
                        && ((instruction_address <  (sigsegv_address_t)b_region) ||
                                (instruction_address >= (sigsegv_address_t)e_region)))
                        return SIGSEGV_RETURN_FAILURE;
#endif
                return SIGSEGV_RETURN_SKIP_INSTRUCTION;
        }

        return SIGSEGV_RETURN_FAILURE;
}

// More sophisticated tests for instruction skipper
static bool arch_insn_skipper_tests()
{
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__)) || (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64))
        static const unsigned char code[] = {
                0x8a, 0x00,                    // mov    (%eax),%al
                0x8a, 0x2c, 0x18,              // mov    (%eax,%ebx,1),%ch
                0x88, 0x20,                    // mov    %ah,(%eax)
                0x88, 0x08,                    // mov    %cl,(%eax)
                0x66, 0x8b, 0x00,              // mov    (%eax),%ax
                0x66, 0x8b, 0x0c, 0x18,        // mov    (%eax,%ebx,1),%cx
                0x66, 0x89, 0x00,              // mov    %ax,(%eax)
                0x66, 0x89, 0x0c, 0x18,        // mov    %cx,(%eax,%ebx,1)
                0x8b, 0x00,                    // mov    (%eax),%eax
                0x8b, 0x0c, 0x18,              // mov    (%eax,%ebx,1),%ecx
                0x89, 0x00,                    // mov    %eax,(%eax)
                0x89, 0x0c, 0x18,              // mov    %ecx,(%eax,%ebx,1)
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
                0x44, 0x8a, 0x00,              // mov    (%rax),%r8b
                0x44, 0x8a, 0x20,              // mov    (%rax),%r12b
                0x42, 0x8a, 0x3c, 0x10,        // mov    (%rax,%r10,1),%dil
                0x44, 0x88, 0x00,              // mov    %r8b,(%rax)
                0x44, 0x88, 0x20,              // mov    %r12b,(%rax)
                0x42, 0x88, 0x3c, 0x10,        // mov    %dil,(%rax,%r10,1)
                0x66, 0x44, 0x8b, 0x00,        // mov    (%rax),%r8w
                0x66, 0x42, 0x8b, 0x0c, 0x10,  // mov    (%rax,%r10,1),%cx
                0x66, 0x44, 0x89, 0x00,        // mov    %r8w,(%rax)
                0x66, 0x42, 0x89, 0x0c, 0x10,  // mov    %cx,(%rax,%r10,1)
                0x44, 0x8b, 0x00,              // mov    (%rax),%r8d
                0x42, 0x8b, 0x0c, 0x10,        // mov    (%rax,%r10,1),%ecx
                0x44, 0x89, 0x00,              // mov    %r8d,(%rax)
                0x42, 0x89, 0x0c, 0x10,        // mov    %ecx,(%rax,%r10,1)
                0x48, 0x8b, 0x08,              // mov    (%rax),%rcx
                0x4c, 0x8b, 0x18,              // mov    (%rax),%r11
                0x4a, 0x8b, 0x0c, 0x10,        // mov    (%rax,%r10,1),%rcx
                0x4e, 0x8b, 0x1c, 0x10,        // mov    (%rax,%r10,1),%r11
                0x48, 0x89, 0x08,              // mov    %rcx,(%rax)
                0x4c, 0x89, 0x18,              // mov    %r11,(%rax)
                0x4a, 0x89, 0x0c, 0x10,        // mov    %rcx,(%rax,%r10,1)
                0x4e, 0x89, 0x1c, 0x10,        // mov    %r11,(%rax,%r10,1)
                0x63, 0x47, 0x04,              // movslq 4(%rdi),%eax
                0x48, 0x63, 0x47, 0x04,        // movslq 4(%rdi),%rax
#endif
                0                              // end
        };
        const int N_REGS = 20;
        SIGSEGV_REGISTER_TYPE regs[N_REGS];
        for (int i = 0; i < N_REGS; i++)
                regs[i] = i;
        const sigsegv_uintptr_t start_code = (sigsegv_uintptr_t)&code;
        regs[X86_REG_EIP] = start_code;
        while ((regs[X86_REG_EIP] - start_code) < (sizeof(code) - 1)
                   && ix86_skip_instruction(regs))
                ; /* simply iterate */
        return (regs[X86_REG_EIP] - start_code) == (sizeof(code) - 1);
#endif
        return true;
}
#endif

int main(void)
{
        if (vm_init() < 0)
                return 1;

        page_size = vm_get_page_size();
        if ((page = (char *)vm_acquire(page_size)) == VM_MAP_FAILED)
                return 2;
        
        memset((void *)page, 0, page_size);
        if (vm_protect((char *)page, page_size, VM_PAGE_READ) < 0)
                return 3;
        
        if (!sigsegv_install_handler(sigsegv_test_handler))
                return 4;

#ifdef __GNUC__
        b_region = &&L_b_region1;
        e_region = &&L_e_region1;
#endif
        /* This is a really awful hack but otherwise gcc is smart enough
         * (or bug'ous enough?) to optimize the labels and place them
         * e.g. at the "main" entry point, which is wrong.
         */
        volatile int label_hack = 1;
        switch (label_hack) {
        case 1:
        L_b_region1:
                page[REF_INDEX] = REF_VALUE;
                if (page[REF_INDEX] != REF_VALUE)
                        exit(20);
                page[REF_INDEX] = REF_VALUE;
                BARRIER();
                // fall-through
        case 2:
        L_e_region1:
                BARRIER();
                break;
        }

        if (handler_called != 1)
                return 5;

#ifdef HAVE_SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION
        if (!sigsegv_install_handler(sigsegv_insn_handler))
                return 6;
        
        if (vm_protect((char *)page, page_size, VM_PAGE_READ | VM_PAGE_WRITE) < 0)
                return 7;
        
        for (int i = 0; i < page_size; i++)
                page[i] = (i + 1) % page_size;
        
        if (vm_protect((char *)page, page_size, VM_PAGE_NOACCESS) < 0)
                return 8;
        
#define TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(TYPE) do {                                \
                const unsigned long TAG = 0x12345678 |                  \
                (sizeof(long) == 8 ? 0x9abcdef0UL << 31 : 0);   \
                TYPE data = *((TYPE *)(page + sizeof(TYPE)));   \
                volatile unsigned long effect = data + TAG;             \
                if (effect != TAG)                                                              \
                        return 9;                                                                       \
        } while (0)
        
#ifdef __GNUC__
        b_region = &&L_b_region2;
        e_region = &&L_e_region2;
#endif
        switch (label_hack) {
        case 1:
        L_b_region2:
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(unsigned char);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(unsigned short);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(unsigned int);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(unsigned long);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(signed char);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(signed short);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(signed int);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(signed long);
                BARRIER();
                // fall-through
        case 2:
        L_e_region2:
                BARRIER();
                break;
        }
        if (!arch_insn_skipper_tests())
                return 20;
#endif

        vm_exit();
        return 0;
}
#endif
Revision:	1.85
Committed:	2008-01-20T22:24:53Z (16 years, 8 months ago) by gbeauche
Branch:	MAIN
Changes since 1.84:	+99 -33 lines
Log Message:	64-bit Mach exceptions support. Note that mach_exc_server() et al. must be explicitly generated from mig. The advantage of that is to provide a "fast" path for x86_64 on Leopard too (fault address in code[1]). By "fast", this means +33% faster wrt. explicitly thread_get_state() but still pretty slow (40 usec/fault). This is on par with the i386 code path though.