src/Unix/sigsegv.cpp

/*
 *  sigsegv.cpp - SIGSEGV signals support
 *
 *  Derived from Bruno Haible's work on his SIGSEGV library for clisp
 *  <http://clisp.sourceforge.net/>
 *
 *  MacOS X support derived from the post by Timothy J. Wood to the
 *  omnigroup macosx-dev list:
 *    Mach Exception Handlers 101 (Was Re: ptrace, gdb)
 *    tjw@omnigroup.com Sun, 4 Jun 2000
 *    www.omnigroup.com/mailman/archive/macosx-dev/2000-June/002030.html
 *
 *  Basilisk II (C) 1997-2008 Christian Bauer
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#include <list>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include "sigsegv.h"

#ifndef NO_STD_NAMESPACE
using std::list;
#endif

// Return value type of a signal handler (standard type if not defined)
#ifndef RETSIGTYPE
#define RETSIGTYPE void
#endif

// Type of the system signal handler
typedef RETSIGTYPE (*signal_handler)(int);

// User's SIGSEGV handler
static sigsegv_fault_handler_t sigsegv_fault_handler = 0;

// Function called to dump state if we can't handle the fault
static sigsegv_state_dumper_t sigsegv_state_dumper = 0;

// Actual SIGSEGV handler installer
static bool sigsegv_do_install_handler(int sig);


/*
 *  Instruction decoding aids
 */

// Transfer type
enum transfer_type_t {
        SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN        = 0,
        SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD           = 1,
        SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE          = 2
};

// Transfer size
enum transfer_size_t {
        SIZE_UNKNOWN,
        SIZE_BYTE,
        SIZE_WORD, // 2 bytes
        SIZE_LONG, // 4 bytes
        SIZE_QUAD  // 8 bytes
};

#if (defined(powerpc) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc__) || defined(__ppc64__))
// Addressing mode
enum addressing_mode_t {
        MODE_UNKNOWN,
        MODE_NORM,
        MODE_U,
        MODE_X,
        MODE_UX
};

// Decoded instruction
struct instruction_t {
        transfer_type_t         transfer_type;
        transfer_size_t         transfer_size;
        addressing_mode_t       addr_mode;
        unsigned int            addr;
        char                            ra, rd;
};

static void powerpc_decode_instruction(instruction_t *instruction, unsigned int nip, unsigned long * gpr)
{
        // Get opcode and divide into fields
        unsigned int opcode = *((unsigned int *)(unsigned long)nip);
        unsigned int primop = opcode >> 26;
        unsigned int exop = (opcode >> 1) & 0x3ff;
        unsigned int ra = (opcode >> 16) & 0x1f;
        unsigned int rb = (opcode >> 11) & 0x1f;
        unsigned int rd = (opcode >> 21) & 0x1f;
        signed int imm = (signed short)(opcode & 0xffff);
        
        // Analyze opcode
        transfer_type_t transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN;
        transfer_size_t transfer_size = SIZE_UNKNOWN;
        addressing_mode_t addr_mode = MODE_UNKNOWN;
        switch (primop) {
        case 31:
                switch (exop) {
                case 23:        // lwzx
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 55:        // lwzux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                case 87:        // lbzx
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 119:       // lbzux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                case 151:       // stwx
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 183:       // stwux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                case 215:       // stbx
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 247:       // stbux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                case 279:       // lhzx
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 311:       // lhzux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                case 343:       // lhax
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 375:       // lhaux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                case 407:       // sthx
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_X; break;
                case 439:       // sthux
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_UX; break;
                }
                break;
        
        case 32:        // lwz
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 33:        // lwzu
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 34:        // lbz
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 35:        // lbzu
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 36:        // stw
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 37:        // stwu
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_LONG; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 38:        // stb
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 39:        // stbu
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 40:        // lhz
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 41:        // lhzu
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 42:        // lha
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 43:        // lhau
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 44:        // sth
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_NORM; break;
        case 45:        // sthu
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE; transfer_size = SIZE_WORD; addr_mode = MODE_U; break;
        case 58:        // ld, ldu, lwa
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
                transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
                addr_mode = ((opcode & 3) == 1) ? MODE_U : MODE_NORM;
                imm &= ~3;
                break;
        case 62:        // std, stdu, stq
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
                transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
                addr_mode = ((opcode & 3) == 1) ? MODE_U : MODE_NORM;
                imm &= ~3;
                break;
        }
        
        // Calculate effective address
        unsigned int addr = 0;
        switch (addr_mode) {
        case MODE_X:
        case MODE_UX:
                if (ra == 0)
                        addr = gpr[rb];
                else
                        addr = gpr[ra] + gpr[rb];
                break;
        case MODE_NORM:
        case MODE_U:
                if (ra == 0)
                        addr = (signed int)(signed short)imm;
                else
                        addr = gpr[ra] + (signed int)(signed short)imm;
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }
        
        // Commit decoded instruction
        instruction->addr = addr;
        instruction->addr_mode = addr_mode;
        instruction->transfer_type = transfer_type;
        instruction->transfer_size = transfer_size;
        instruction->ra = ra;
        instruction->rd = rd;
}
#endif


/*
 *  OS-dependant SIGSEGV signals support section
 */

#if HAVE_SIGINFO_T
// Generic extended signal handler
#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGBUS)
#else
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#endif
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, siginfo_t *sip, void *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST_1 siginfo_t *sip, void *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sip, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   sip->si_addr
#if (defined(sgi) || defined(__sgi))
#include <ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (unsigned long)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[CTX_EPC]
#if (defined(mips) || defined(__mips))
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   &SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[CTX_EPC], &SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[CTX_R0]
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                mips_skip_instruction
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__sun__)
#if (defined(sparc) || defined(__sparc__))
#include <sys/stack.h>
#include <sys/regset.h>
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[REG_PC]
#define SIGSEGV_SPARC_GWINDOWS                  (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.gwins)
#define SIGSEGV_SPARC_RWINDOW                   (struct rwindow *)((char *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[REG_SP] + STACK_BIAS)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((unsigned long *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS), SIGSEGV_SPARC_GWINDOWS, SIGSEGV_SPARC_RWINDOW
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                sparc_skip_instruction
#endif
#if defined(__i386__)
#include <sys/regset.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[EIP]
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (((struct sigcontext *)scp)->sc_eip)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((unsigned long *)&(((struct sigcontext *)scp)->sc_edi)) /* EDI is the first GPR (even below EIP) in sigcontext */
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__NetBSD__)
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.__gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[_REG_EIP]
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(powerpc) || defined(__powerpc__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.__gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[_REG_PC]
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)&SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[_REG_PC], (unsigned long *)&SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[_REG_R0]
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                powerpc_skip_instruction
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__linux__)
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[14] /* should use REG_EIP instead */
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.gregs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS[16] /* should use REG_RIP instead */
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(ia64) || defined(__ia64__))
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    ((struct sigcontext *)scp)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->sc_ip & ~0x3ULL) /* slot number is in bits 0 and 1 */
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ia64_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(powerpc) || defined(__powerpc__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((ucontext_t *)scp)->uc_mcontext.regs)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->nip)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)&SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->nip, (unsigned long *)(SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->gpr)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                powerpc_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(hppa) || defined(__hppa__))
#undef  SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   sip->si_ptr
#endif
#if (defined(arm) || defined(__arm__))
#include <asm/ucontext.h> /* use kernel structure, glibc may not be in sync */
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((struct ucontext *)scp)->uc_mcontext)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS.arm_pc)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (&SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS.arm_r0)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                arm_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(mips) || defined(__mips__))
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    (((struct ucontext *)scp)->uc_mcontext)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS.pc)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   &SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS.pc, &SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS.gregs[0]
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                mips_skip_instruction
#endif
#endif
#endif

#if HAVE_SIGCONTEXT_SUBTERFUGE
// Linux kernels prior to 2.4 ?
#if defined(__linux__)
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#include <asm/sigcontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, struct sigcontext scs
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST_1 struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              &scs
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   scp->cr2
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->eip
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)scp
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(sparc) || defined(__sparc__))
#include <asm/sigcontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp, char *addr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp, addr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   addr
#endif
#if (defined(powerpc) || defined(__powerpc__))
#include <asm/sigcontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   scp->regs->dar
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->regs->nip
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)&scp->regs->nip, (unsigned long *)(scp->regs->gpr)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                powerpc_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(alpha) || defined(__alpha__))
#include <asm/sigcontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   get_fault_address(scp)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->sc_pc
#endif
#if (defined(arm) || defined(__arm__))
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int r1, int r2, int r3, struct sigcontext sc
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST_1 struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              &sc
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   scp->fault_address
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->arm_pc
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   &scp->arm_r0
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                arm_skip_instruction
#endif
#endif

// Irix 5 or 6 on MIPS
#if (defined(sgi) || defined(__sgi)) && (defined(SYSTYPE_SVR4) || defined(_SYSTYPE_SVR4))
#include <ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   (unsigned long)scp->sc_badvaddr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               (unsigned long)scp->sc_pc
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#endif

// HP-UX
#if (defined(hpux) || defined(__hpux__))
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   scp->sc_sl.sl_ss.ss_narrow.ss_cr21
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV) FAULT_HANDLER(SIGBUS)
#endif

// OSF/1 on Alpha
#if defined(__osf__)
#include <ucontext.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   scp->sc_traparg_a0
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#endif

// AIX
#if defined(_AIX)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   scp->sc_jmpbuf.jmp_context.o_vaddr
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#endif

// NetBSD
#if defined(__NetBSD__)
#if (defined(m68k) || defined(__m68k__))
#include <m68k/frame.h>
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   get_fault_address(scp)
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)

// Use decoding scheme from BasiliskII/m68k native
static sigsegv_address_t get_fault_address(struct sigcontext *scp)
{
        struct sigstate {
                int ss_flags;
                struct frame ss_frame;
        };
        struct sigstate *state = (struct sigstate *)scp->sc_ap;
        char *fault_addr;
        switch (state->ss_frame.f_format) {
        case 7:         /* 68040 access error */
                /* "code" is sometimes unreliable (i.e. contains NULL or a bogus address), reason unknown */
                fault_addr = state->ss_frame.f_fmt7.f_fa;
                break;
        default:
                fault_addr = (char *)code;
                break;
        }
        return (sigsegv_address_t)fault_addr;
}
#endif
#if (defined(alpha) || defined(__alpha__))
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   get_fault_address(scp)
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGBUS)
#endif
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#error "FIXME: need to decode instruction and compute EA"
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGBUS)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp, char *addr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp, addr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   addr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->sc_eip
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((unsigned long *)&scp->sc_edi)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif
#if (defined(alpha) || defined(__alpha__))
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGSEGV)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, char *addr, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, addr, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   addr
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->sc_pc
#endif
#endif

// Extract fault address out of a sigcontext
#if (defined(alpha) || defined(__alpha__))
// From Boehm's GC 6.0alpha8
static sigsegv_address_t get_fault_address(struct sigcontext *scp)
{
        unsigned int instruction = *((unsigned int *)(scp->sc_pc));
        unsigned long fault_address = scp->sc_regs[(instruction >> 16) & 0x1f];
        fault_address += (signed long)(signed short)(instruction & 0xffff);
        return (sigsegv_address_t)fault_address;
}
#endif


// MacOS X, not sure which version this works in. Under 10.1
// vm_protect does not appear to work from a signal handler. Under
// 10.2 signal handlers get siginfo type arguments but the si_addr
// field is the address of the faulting instruction and not the
// address that caused the SIGBUS. Maybe this works in 10.0? In any
// case with Mach exception handlers there is a way to do what this
// was meant to do.
#ifndef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
#if (defined(ppc) || defined(__ppc__))
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              sig, code, scp
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   get_fault_address(scp)
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               scp->sc_ir
#define SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS                             FAULT_HANDLER(SIGBUS)
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned int *)&scp->sc_ir, &((unsigned int *) scp->sc_regs)[2]
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                powerpc_skip_instruction

// Use decoding scheme from SheepShaver
static sigsegv_address_t get_fault_address(struct sigcontext *scp)
{
        unsigned int   nip = (unsigned int) scp->sc_ir;
        unsigned int * gpr = &((unsigned int *) scp->sc_regs)[2];
        instruction_t  instr;

        powerpc_decode_instruction(&instr, nip, gpr);
        return (sigsegv_address_t)instr.addr;
}
#endif
#endif
#endif
#endif

#if HAVE_WIN32_EXCEPTIONS
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN /* avoid including junk */
#include <windows.h>
#include <winerror.h>

#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              ExceptionInfo
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1]
#define SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS                    ExceptionInfo->ContextRecord
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->Eip
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((unsigned long *)&SIGSEGV_CONTEXT_REGS->Edi)
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#endif

#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS

// This can easily be extended to other Mach systems, but really who
// uses HURD (oops GNU/HURD), Darwin/x86, NextStep, Rhapsody, or CMU
// Mach 2.5/3.0?
#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>

/*
 * If you are familiar with MIG then you will understand the frustration
 * that was necessary to get these embedded into C++ code by hand.
 */
extern "C" {
#include <mach/mach.h>
#include <mach/mach_error.h>

extern boolean_t exc_server(mach_msg_header_t *, mach_msg_header_t *);
extern kern_return_t catch_exception_raise(mach_port_t, mach_port_t,
        mach_port_t, exception_type_t, exception_data_t, mach_msg_type_number_t);
extern kern_return_t exception_raise(mach_port_t, mach_port_t, mach_port_t,
        exception_type_t, exception_data_t, mach_msg_type_number_t);
extern kern_return_t exception_raise_state(mach_port_t, exception_type_t,
        exception_data_t, mach_msg_type_number_t, thread_state_flavor_t *,
        thread_state_t, mach_msg_type_number_t, thread_state_t, mach_msg_type_number_t *);
extern kern_return_t exception_raise_state_identity(mach_port_t, mach_port_t, mach_port_t,
        exception_type_t, exception_data_t, mach_msg_type_number_t, thread_state_flavor_t *,
        thread_state_t, mach_msg_type_number_t, thread_state_t, mach_msg_type_number_t *);
}

// Could make this dynamic by looking for a result of MIG_ARRAY_TOO_LARGE
#define HANDLER_COUNT 64

// structure to tuck away existing exception handlers
typedef struct _ExceptionPorts {
        mach_msg_type_number_t maskCount;
        exception_mask_t masks[HANDLER_COUNT];
        exception_handler_t handlers[HANDLER_COUNT];
        exception_behavior_t behaviors[HANDLER_COUNT];
        thread_state_flavor_t flavors[HANDLER_COUNT];
} ExceptionPorts;

// exception handler thread
static pthread_t exc_thread;

// place where old exception handler info is stored
static ExceptionPorts ports;

// our exception port
static mach_port_t _exceptionPort = MACH_PORT_NULL;

#define MACH_CHECK_ERROR(name,ret) \
if (ret != KERN_SUCCESS) { \
        mach_error(#name, ret); \
        exit (1); \
}

#ifdef __ppc__
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_TYPE    ppc_exception_state_t
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_FLAVOR  PPC_EXCEPTION_STATE
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT   PPC_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   SIP->exc_state.dar
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_TYPE               ppc_thread_state_t
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR             PPC_THREAD_STATE
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_COUNT              PPC_THREAD_STATE_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIP->thr_state.srr0
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                powerpc_skip_instruction
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)&SIP->thr_state.srr0, (unsigned long *)&SIP->thr_state.r0
#endif
#ifdef __ppc64__
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_TYPE    ppc_exception_state64_t
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_FLAVOR  PPC_EXCEPTION_STATE64
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT   PPC_EXCEPTION_STATE64_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   SIP->exc_state.dar
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_TYPE               ppc_thread_state64_t
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR             PPC_THREAD_STATE64
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_COUNT              PPC_THREAD_STATE64_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIP->thr_state.srr0
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                powerpc_skip_instruction
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   (unsigned long *)&SIP->thr_state.srr0, (unsigned long *)&SIP->thr_state.r0
#endif
#ifdef __i386__
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_TYPE    struct i386_exception_state
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_FLAVOR  i386_EXCEPTION_STATE
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT   i386_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   SIP->exc_state.faultvaddr
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_TYPE               struct i386_thread_state
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR             i386_THREAD_STATE
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_COUNT              i386_THREAD_STATE_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIP->thr_state.eip
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((unsigned long *)&SIP->thr_state.eax) /* EAX is the first GPR we consider */
#endif
#ifdef __x86_64__
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_TYPE    struct x86_exception_state64
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_FLAVOR  x86_EXCEPTION_STATE64
#define SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT   x86_EXCEPTION_STATE64_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS                   SIP->exc_state.faultvaddr
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_TYPE               struct x86_thread_state64
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR             x86_THREAD_STATE64
#define SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_COUNT              x86_THREAD_STATE64_COUNT
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIP->thr_state.rip
#define SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION                ix86_skip_instruction
#define SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE                   ((unsigned long *)&SIP->thr_state.rax) /* RAX is the first GPR we consider */
#endif
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS_FAST              code[1]
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_FAST  SIGSEGV_INVALID_ADDRESS
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST   mach_port_t thread, exception_data_t code
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS              thread, code

// Since there can only be one exception thread running at any time
// this is not a problem.
#define MSG_SIZE 512
static char msgbuf[MSG_SIZE];
static char replybuf[MSG_SIZE];

/*
 * This is the entry point for the exception handler thread. The job
 * of this thread is to wait for exception messages on the exception
 * port that was setup beforehand and to pass them on to exc_server.
 * exc_server is a MIG generated function that is a part of Mach.
 * Its job is to decide what to do with the exception message. In our
 * case exc_server calls catch_exception_raise on our behalf. After
 * exc_server returns, it is our responsibility to send the reply.
 */
static void *
handleExceptions(void *priv)
{
        mach_msg_header_t *msg, *reply;
        kern_return_t krc;

        msg = (mach_msg_header_t *)msgbuf;
        reply = (mach_msg_header_t *)replybuf;

        for (;;) {
                krc = mach_msg(msg, MACH_RCV_MSG, MSG_SIZE, MSG_SIZE,
                                _exceptionPort, 0, MACH_PORT_NULL);
                MACH_CHECK_ERROR(mach_msg, krc);

                if (!exc_server(msg, reply)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "exc_server hated the message\n");
                        exit(1);
                }

                krc = mach_msg(reply, MACH_SEND_MSG, reply->msgh_size, 0,
                                 msg->msgh_local_port, 0, MACH_PORT_NULL);
                if (krc != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Error sending message to original reply port, krc = %d, %s",
                                krc, mach_error_string(krc));
                        exit(1);
                }
        }
}
#endif
#endif


/*
 *  Instruction skipping
 */

#ifdef HAVE_SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION
// Decode and skip X86 instruction
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__)) || defined(__x86_64__)
#if defined(__linux__)
enum {
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
        X86_REG_EIP = 14,
        X86_REG_EAX = 11,
        X86_REG_ECX = 10,
        X86_REG_EDX = 9,
        X86_REG_EBX = 8,
        X86_REG_ESP = 7,
        X86_REG_EBP = 6,
        X86_REG_ESI = 5,
        X86_REG_EDI = 4
#endif
#if defined(__x86_64__)
        X86_REG_R8  = 0,
        X86_REG_R9  = 1,
        X86_REG_R10 = 2,
        X86_REG_R11 = 3,
        X86_REG_R12 = 4,
        X86_REG_R13 = 5,
        X86_REG_R14 = 6,
        X86_REG_R15 = 7,
        X86_REG_EDI = 8,
        X86_REG_ESI = 9,
        X86_REG_EBP = 10,
        X86_REG_EBX = 11,
        X86_REG_EDX = 12,
        X86_REG_EAX = 13,
        X86_REG_ECX = 14,
        X86_REG_ESP = 15,
        X86_REG_EIP = 16
#endif
};
#endif
#if defined(__NetBSD__)
enum {
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
        X86_REG_EIP = _REG_EIP,
        X86_REG_EAX = _REG_EAX,
        X86_REG_ECX = _REG_ECX,
        X86_REG_EDX = _REG_EDX,
        X86_REG_EBX = _REG_EBX,
        X86_REG_ESP = _REG_ESP,
        X86_REG_EBP = _REG_EBP,
        X86_REG_ESI = _REG_ESI,
        X86_REG_EDI = _REG_EDI
#endif
};
#endif
#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
enum {
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
        X86_REG_EIP = 10,
        X86_REG_EAX = 7,
        X86_REG_ECX = 6,
        X86_REG_EDX = 5,
        X86_REG_EBX = 4,
        X86_REG_ESP = 13,
        X86_REG_EBP = 2,
        X86_REG_ESI = 1,
        X86_REG_EDI = 0
#endif
};
#endif
#if defined(__OpenBSD__)
enum {
#if defined(__i386__)
        // EDI is the first register we consider
#define OREG(REG) offsetof(struct sigcontext, sc_##REG)
#define DREG(REG) ((OREG(REG) - OREG(edi)) / 4)
        X86_REG_EIP = DREG(eip), // 7
        X86_REG_EAX = DREG(eax), // 6
        X86_REG_ECX = DREG(ecx), // 5
        X86_REG_EDX = DREG(edx), // 4
        X86_REG_EBX = DREG(ebx), // 3
        X86_REG_ESP = DREG(esp), // 10
        X86_REG_EBP = DREG(ebp), // 2
        X86_REG_ESI = DREG(esi), // 1
        X86_REG_EDI = DREG(edi)  // 0
#undef DREG
#undef OREG
#endif
};
#endif
#if defined(__sun__)
// Same as for Linux, need to check for x86-64
enum {
#if defined(__i386__)
        X86_REG_EIP = EIP,
        X86_REG_EAX = EAX,
        X86_REG_ECX = ECX,
        X86_REG_EDX = EDX,
        X86_REG_EBX = EBX,
        X86_REG_ESP = ESP,
        X86_REG_EBP = EBP,
        X86_REG_ESI = ESI,
        X86_REG_EDI = EDI
#endif
};
#endif
#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
enum {
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
#ifdef i386_SAVED_STATE
        // same as FreeBSD (in Open Darwin 8.0.1)
        X86_REG_EIP = 10,
        X86_REG_EAX = 7,
        X86_REG_ECX = 6,
        X86_REG_EDX = 5,
        X86_REG_EBX = 4,
        X86_REG_ESP = 13,
        X86_REG_EBP = 2,
        X86_REG_ESI = 1,
        X86_REG_EDI = 0
#else
        // new layout (MacOS X 10.4.4 for x86)
        X86_REG_EIP = 10,
        X86_REG_EAX = 0,
        X86_REG_ECX = 2,
        X86_REG_EDX = 3,
        X86_REG_EBX = 1,
        X86_REG_ESP = 7,
        X86_REG_EBP = 6,
        X86_REG_ESI = 5,
        X86_REG_EDI = 4
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__x86_64__)
        X86_REG_R8  = 8,
        X86_REG_R9  = 9,
        X86_REG_R10 = 10,
        X86_REG_R11 = 11,
        X86_REG_R12 = 12,
        X86_REG_R13 = 13,
        X86_REG_R14 = 14,
        X86_REG_R15 = 15,
        X86_REG_EDI = 4,
        X86_REG_ESI = 5,
        X86_REG_EBP = 6,
        X86_REG_EBX = 1,
        X86_REG_EDX = 3,
        X86_REG_EAX = 0,
        X86_REG_ECX = 2,
        X86_REG_ESP = 7,
        X86_REG_EIP = 16
#endif
};
#endif
#if defined(_WIN32)
enum {
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__))
        X86_REG_EIP = 7,
        X86_REG_EAX = 5,
        X86_REG_ECX = 4,
        X86_REG_EDX = 3,
        X86_REG_EBX = 2,
        X86_REG_ESP = 10,
        X86_REG_EBP = 6,
        X86_REG_ESI = 1,
        X86_REG_EDI = 0
#endif
};
#endif
// FIXME: this is partly redundant with the instruction decoding phase
// to discover transfer type and register number
static inline int ix86_step_over_modrm(unsigned char * p)
{
        int mod = (p[0] >> 6) & 3;
        int rm = p[0] & 7;
        int offset = 0;

        // ModR/M Byte
        switch (mod) {
        case 0: // [reg]
                if (rm == 5) return 4; // disp32
                break;
        case 1: // disp8[reg]
                offset = 1;
                break;
        case 2: // disp32[reg]
                offset = 4;
                break;
        case 3: // register
                return 0;
        }
        
        // SIB Byte
        if (rm == 4) {
                if (mod == 0 && (p[1] & 7) == 5)
                        offset = 5; // disp32[index]
                else
                        offset++;
        }

        return offset;
}

static bool ix86_skip_instruction(unsigned long * regs)
{
        unsigned char * eip = (unsigned char *)regs[X86_REG_EIP];

        if (eip == 0)
                return false;
#ifdef _WIN32
        if (IsBadCodePtr((FARPROC)eip))
                return false;
#endif
        
        enum instruction_type_t {
                i_MOV,
                i_ADD
        };

        transfer_type_t transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN;
        transfer_size_t transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        instruction_type_t instruction_type = i_MOV;
        
        int reg = -1;
        int len = 0;

#if DEBUG
        printf("IP: %p [%02x %02x %02x %02x...]\n",
                   eip, eip[0], eip[1], eip[2], eip[3]);
#endif

        // Operand size prefix
        if (*eip == 0x66) {
                eip++;
                len++;
                transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
        }

        // REX prefix
#if defined(__x86_64__)
        struct rex_t {
                unsigned char W;
                unsigned char R;
                unsigned char X;
                unsigned char B;
        };
        rex_t rex = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
        bool has_rex = false;
        if ((*eip & 0xf0) == 0x40) {
                has_rex = true;
                const unsigned char b = *eip;
                rex.W = b & (1 << 3);
                rex.R = b & (1 << 2);
                rex.X = b & (1 << 1);
                rex.B = b & (1 << 0);
#if DEBUG
                printf("REX: %c,%c,%c,%c\n",
                           rex.W ? 'W' : '_',
                           rex.R ? 'R' : '_',
                           rex.X ? 'X' : '_',
                           rex.B ? 'B' : '_');
#endif
                eip++;
                len++;
                if (rex.W)
                        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        }
#else
        const bool has_rex = false;
#endif

        // Decode instruction
        int op_len = 1;
        int target_size = SIZE_UNKNOWN;
        switch (eip[0]) {
        case 0x0f:
                target_size = transfer_size;
            switch (eip[1]) {
                case 0xbe: // MOVSX r32, r/m8
            case 0xb6: // MOVZX r32, r/m8
                        transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
                        goto do_mov_extend;
                case 0xbf: // MOVSX r32, r/m16
            case 0xb7: // MOVZX r32, r/m16
                        transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
                        goto do_mov_extend;
                  do_mov_extend:
                        op_len = 2;
                        goto do_transfer_load;
                }
                break;
#if defined(__x86_64__)
        case 0x63: // MOVSXD r64, r/m32
                if (has_rex && rex.W) {
                        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
                        target_size = SIZE_QUAD;
                }
                else if (transfer_size != SIZE_WORD) {
                        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
                        target_size = SIZE_QUAD;
                }
                goto do_transfer_load;
#endif
        case 0x02: // ADD r8, r/m8
                transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        case 0x03: // ADD r32, r/m32
                instruction_type = i_ADD;
                goto do_transfer_load;
        case 0x8a: // MOV r8, r/m8
                transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        case 0x8b: // MOV r32, r/m32 (or 16-bit operation)
          do_transfer_load:
                switch (eip[op_len] & 0xc0) {
                case 0x80:
                        reg = (eip[op_len] >> 3) & 7;
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
                        break;
                case 0x40:
                        reg = (eip[op_len] >> 3) & 7;
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
                        break;
                case 0x00:
                        reg = (eip[op_len] >> 3) & 7;
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
                        break;
                }
                len += 1 + op_len + ix86_step_over_modrm(eip + op_len);
                break;
        case 0x00: // ADD r/m8, r8
                transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        case 0x01: // ADD r/m32, r32
                instruction_type = i_ADD;
                goto do_transfer_store;
        case 0x88: // MOV r/m8, r8
                transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        case 0x89: // MOV r/m32, r32 (or 16-bit operation)
          do_transfer_store:
                switch (eip[op_len] & 0xc0) {
                case 0x80:
                        reg = (eip[op_len] >> 3) & 7;
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
                        break;
                case 0x40:
                        reg = (eip[op_len] >> 3) & 7;
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
                        break;
                case 0x00:
                        reg = (eip[op_len] >> 3) & 7;
                        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
                        break;
                }
                len += 1 + op_len + ix86_step_over_modrm(eip + op_len);
                break;
        }
        if (target_size == SIZE_UNKNOWN)
                target_size = transfer_size;

        if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN) {
                // Unknown machine code, let it crash. Then patch the decoder
                return false;
        }

#if defined(__x86_64__)
        if (rex.R)
                reg += 8;
#endif

        if (instruction_type == i_MOV && transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD && reg != -1) {
                static const int x86_reg_map[] = {
                        X86_REG_EAX, X86_REG_ECX, X86_REG_EDX, X86_REG_EBX,
                        X86_REG_ESP, X86_REG_EBP, X86_REG_ESI, X86_REG_EDI,
#if defined(__x86_64__)
                        X86_REG_R8,  X86_REG_R9,  X86_REG_R10, X86_REG_R11,
                        X86_REG_R12, X86_REG_R13, X86_REG_R14, X86_REG_R15,
#endif
                };
                
                if (reg < 0 || reg >= (sizeof(x86_reg_map)/sizeof(x86_reg_map[0]) - 1))
                        return false;

                // Set 0 to the relevant register part
                // NOTE: this is only valid for MOV alike instructions
                int rloc = x86_reg_map[reg];
                switch (target_size) {
                case SIZE_BYTE:
                        if (has_rex || reg < 4)
                                regs[rloc] = (regs[rloc] & ~0x00ffL);
                        else {
                                rloc = x86_reg_map[reg - 4];
                                regs[rloc] = (regs[rloc] & ~0xff00L);
                        }
                        break;
                case SIZE_WORD:
                        regs[rloc] = (regs[rloc] & ~0xffffL);
                        break;
                case SIZE_LONG:
                case SIZE_QUAD: // zero-extension
                        regs[rloc] = 0;
                        break;
                }
        }

#if DEBUG
        printf("%p: %s %s access", (void *)regs[X86_REG_EIP],
                   transfer_size == SIZE_BYTE ? "byte" :
                   transfer_size == SIZE_WORD ? "word" :
                   transfer_size == SIZE_LONG ? "long" :
                   transfer_size == SIZE_QUAD ? "quad" : "unknown",
                   transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD ? "read" : "write");
        
        if (reg != -1) {
                static const char * x86_byte_reg_str_map[] = {
                        "al",   "cl",   "dl",   "bl",
                        "spl",  "bpl",  "sil",  "dil",
                        "r8b",  "r9b",  "r10b", "r11b",
                        "r12b", "r13b", "r14b", "r15b",
                        "ah",   "ch",   "dh",   "bh",
                };
                static const char * x86_word_reg_str_map[] = {
                        "ax",   "cx",   "dx",   "bx",
                        "sp",   "bp",   "si",   "di",
                        "r8w",  "r9w",  "r10w", "r11w",
                        "r12w", "r13w", "r14w", "r15w",
                };
                static const char *x86_long_reg_str_map[] = {
                        "eax",  "ecx",  "edx",  "ebx",
                        "esp",  "ebp",  "esi",  "edi",
                        "r8d",  "r9d",  "r10d", "r11d",
                        "r12d", "r13d", "r14d", "r15d",
                };
                static const char *x86_quad_reg_str_map[] = {
                        "rax", "rcx", "rdx", "rbx",
                        "rsp", "rbp", "rsi", "rdi",
                        "r8",  "r9",  "r10", "r11",
                        "r12", "r13", "r14", "r15",
                };
                const char * reg_str = NULL;
                switch (target_size) {
                case SIZE_BYTE:
                        reg_str = x86_byte_reg_str_map[(!has_rex && reg >= 4 ? 12 : 0) + reg];
                        break;
                case SIZE_WORD: reg_str = x86_word_reg_str_map[reg]; break;
                case SIZE_LONG: reg_str = x86_long_reg_str_map[reg]; break;
                case SIZE_QUAD: reg_str = x86_quad_reg_str_map[reg]; break;
                }
                if (reg_str)
                        printf(" %s register %%%s",
                                   transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD ? "to" : "from",
                                   reg_str);
        }
        printf(", %d bytes instruction\n", len);
#endif
        
        regs[X86_REG_EIP] += len;
        return true;
}
#endif

// Decode and skip IA-64 instruction
#if defined(__ia64__)
#if defined(__linux__)
// XXX: we assume everything is 8-byte aligned
#define OREG(REG) offsetof(struct sigcontext, sc_##REG)
#define IREG(REG) ((OREG(REG) - OREG(flags)) / 8)
enum {
        IA64_REG_IP  = IREG(ip),
        IA64_REG_NAT = IREG(nat),
        IA64_REG_PR  = IREG(pr),
        IA64_REG_GR  = IREG(gr)
};
#undef IREG
#undef OREG
#endif

// Helper macros to access the machine context
#define IA64_CONTEXT                    (ctx)
#define IA64_GET_PR(P)                  ((IA64_CONTEXT[IA64_REG_PR] >> (P)) & 1)
#define IA64_GET_NAT(I)                 ((IA64_CONTEXT[IA64_REG_NAT] >> (I)) & 1)
#define IA64_SET_NAT(I,V)               (IA64_CONTEXT[IA64_REG_NAT] = (IA64_CONTEXT[IA64_REG_NAT] & ~(1ul << (I))) | (((unsigned long)!!(V)) << (I)))
#define IA64_GET_GR(R)                  (IA64_CONTEXT[IA64_REG_GR + (R)])
#define IA64_SET_GR(R,V)                (IA64_CONTEXT[IA64_REG_GR + (R)] = (V))

// Instruction operations
enum {
        IA64_INST_UNKNOWN = 0,
        IA64_INST_LD1,                          // ld1 op0=[op1]
        IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE,           // ld1 op0=[op1],op2
        IA64_INST_LD2,                          // ld2 op0=[op1]
        IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE,           // ld2 op0=[op1],op2
        IA64_INST_LD4,                          // ld4 op0=[op1]
        IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE,           // ld4 op0=[op1],op2
        IA64_INST_LD8,                          // ld8 op0=[op1]
        IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE,           // ld8 op0=[op1],op2
        IA64_INST_ST1,                          // st1 [op0]=op1
        IA64_INST_ST1_UPDATE,           // st1 [op0]=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_ST2,                          // st2 [op0]=op1
        IA64_INST_ST2_UPDATE,           // st2 [op0]=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_ST4,                          // st4 [op0]=op1
        IA64_INST_ST4_UPDATE,           // st4 [op0]=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_ST8,                          // st8 [op0]=op1
        IA64_INST_ST8_UPDATE,           // st8 [op0]=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_ADD,                          // add op0=op1,op2,op3
        IA64_INST_SUB,                          // sub op0=op1,op2,op3
        IA64_INST_SHLADD,                       // shladd op0=op1,op3,op2
        IA64_INST_AND,                          // and op0=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_ANDCM,                        // andcm op0=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_OR,                           // or op0=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_XOR,                          // xor op0=op1,op2
        IA64_INST_SXT1,                         // sxt1 op0=op1
        IA64_INST_SXT2,                         // sxt2 op0=op1
        IA64_INST_SXT4,                         // sxt4 op0=op1
        IA64_INST_ZXT1,                         // zxt1 op0=op1
        IA64_INST_ZXT2,                         // zxt2 op0=op1
        IA64_INST_ZXT4,                         // zxt4 op0=op1
        IA64_INST_NOP                           // nop op0
};

const int IA64_N_OPERANDS = 4;

// Decoded operand type
struct ia64_operand_t {
        unsigned char commit;
        unsigned char valid;
        signed char index;
        unsigned char nat;
        unsigned long value;
};

// Decoded instruction type
struct ia64_instruction_t {
        unsigned char mnemo;
        unsigned char pred;
        unsigned char no_memory;
        unsigned long inst;
        ia64_operand_t operands[IA64_N_OPERANDS];
};

// Get immediate sign-bit
static inline int ia64_inst_get_sbit(unsigned long inst)
{
        return (inst >> 36) & 1;
}

// Get 8-bit immediate value (A3, A8, I27, M30)
static inline unsigned long ia64_inst_get_imm8(unsigned long inst)
{
        unsigned long value = (inst >> 13) & 0x7ful;
        if (ia64_inst_get_sbit(inst))
                value |= ~0x7ful;
        return value;
}

// Get 9-bit immediate value (M3)
static inline unsigned long ia64_inst_get_imm9b(unsigned long inst)
{
        unsigned long value = (((inst >> 27) & 1) << 7) | ((inst >> 13) & 0x7f);
        if (ia64_inst_get_sbit(inst))
                value |= ~0xfful;
        return value;
}

// Get 9-bit immediate value (M5)
static inline unsigned long ia64_inst_get_imm9a(unsigned long inst)
{
        unsigned long value = (((inst >> 27) & 1) << 7) | ((inst >> 6) & 0x7f);
        if (ia64_inst_get_sbit(inst))
                value |= ~0xfful;
        return value;
}

// Get 14-bit immediate value (A4)
static inline unsigned long ia64_inst_get_imm14(unsigned long inst)
{
        unsigned long value = (((inst >> 27) & 0x3f) << 7) | (inst & 0x7f);
        if (ia64_inst_get_sbit(inst))
                value |= ~0x1fful;
        return value;
}

// Get 22-bit immediate value (A5)
static inline unsigned long ia64_inst_get_imm22(unsigned long inst)
{
        unsigned long value = ((((inst >> 22) & 0x1f) << 16) |
                                                   (((inst >> 27) & 0x1ff) << 7) |
                                                   (inst & 0x7f));
        if (ia64_inst_get_sbit(inst))
                value |= ~0x1ffffful;
        return value;
}

// Get 21-bit immediate value (I19)
static inline unsigned long ia64_inst_get_imm21(unsigned long inst)
{
        return (((inst >> 36) & 1) << 20) | ((inst >> 6) & 0xfffff);
}

// Get 2-bit count value (A2)
static inline int ia64_inst_get_count2(unsigned long inst)
{
        return (inst >> 27) & 0x3;
}

// Get bundle template
static inline unsigned int ia64_get_template(unsigned long raw_ip)
{
        unsigned long *ip = (unsigned long *)(raw_ip & ~3ul);
        return ip[0] & 0x1f;
}

// Get specified instruction in bundle
static unsigned long ia64_get_instruction(unsigned long raw_ip, int slot)
{
        unsigned long inst;
        unsigned long *ip = (unsigned long *)(raw_ip & ~3ul);
#if DEBUG
        printf("Bundle: %016lx%016lx\n", ip[1], ip[0]);
#endif

        switch (slot) {
        case 0:
                inst = (ip[0] >> 5) & 0x1fffffffffful;
                break;
        case 1:
                inst = ((ip[1] & 0x7ffffful) << 18) | ((ip[0] >> 46) & 0x3fffful);
                break;
        case 2:
                inst = (ip[1] >> 23) & 0x1fffffffffful;
                break;
        case 3:
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ia64_get_instruction(), invalid slot number %d\n", slot);
                abort();
                break;
        }

#if DEBUG
        printf(" Instruction %d: 0x%016lx\n", slot, inst);
#endif
        return inst;
}

// Decode group 0 instructions
static bool ia64_decode_instruction_0(ia64_instruction_t *inst, unsigned long *ctx)
{
        const int r1 = (inst->inst >>  6) & 0x7f;
        const int r3 = (inst->inst >> 20) & 0x7f;

        const int x3 = (inst->inst >> 33) & 0x07;
        const int x6 = (inst->inst >> 27) & 0x3f;
        const int x2 = (inst->inst >> 31) & 0x03;
        const int x4 = (inst->inst >> 27) & 0x0f;

        if (x3 == 0) {
                switch (x6) {
                case 0x01:                                              // nop.i (I19)
                        inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_NOP;
                        inst->operands[0].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[0].index = -1;
                        inst->operands[0].value = ia64_inst_get_imm21(inst->inst);
                        return true;
                case 0x14:                                              // sxt1 (I29)
                case 0x15:                                              // sxt2 (I29)
                case 0x16:                                              // sxt4 (I29)
                case 0x10:                                              // zxt1 (I29)
                case 0x11:                                              // zxt2 (I29)
                case 0x12:                                              // zxt4 (I29)
                        switch (x6) {
                        case 0x14: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_SXT1; break;
                        case 0x15: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_SXT2; break;
                        case 0x16: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_SXT4; break;
                        case 0x10: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ZXT1; break;
                        case 0x11: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ZXT2; break;
                        case 0x12: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ZXT4; break;
                        default: abort();
                        }
                        inst->operands[0].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[0].index = r1;
                        inst->operands[1].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[1].index = r3;
                        inst->operands[1].value = IA64_GET_GR(r3);
                        inst->operands[1].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r3);
                        return true;
                }
        }
        return false;
}

// Decode group 4 instructions (load/store instructions)
static bool ia64_decode_instruction_4(ia64_instruction_t *inst, unsigned long *ctx)
{
        const int r1 = (inst->inst >> 6) & 0x7f;
        const int r2 = (inst->inst >> 13) & 0x7f;
        const int r3 = (inst->inst >> 20) & 0x7f;

        const int m  = (inst->inst >> 36) & 1;
        const int x  = (inst->inst >> 27) & 1;
        const int x6 = (inst->inst >> 30) & 0x3f;

        switch (x6) {
        case 0x00:
        case 0x01:
        case 0x02:
        case 0x03:
                if (x == 0) {
                        inst->operands[0].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[0].index = r1;
                        inst->operands[1].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[1].index = r3;
                        inst->operands[1].value = IA64_GET_GR(r3);
                        inst->operands[1].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r3);
                        if (m == 0) {
                                switch (x6) {
                                case 0x00: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD1; break;
                                case 0x01: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD2; break;
                                case 0x02: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD4; break;
                                case 0x03: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD8; break;
                                }
                        }
                        else {
                                inst->operands[2].valid = true;
                                inst->operands[2].index = r2;
                                inst->operands[2].value = IA64_GET_GR(r2);
                                inst->operands[2].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r2);
                                switch (x6) {
                                case 0x00: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE; break;
                                case 0x01: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE; break;
                                case 0x02: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE; break;
                                case 0x03: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE; break;
                                }
                        }
                        return true;
                }
                break;
        case 0x30:
        case 0x31:
        case 0x32:
        case 0x33:
                if (m == 0 && x == 0) {
                        inst->operands[0].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[0].index = r3;
                        inst->operands[0].value = IA64_GET_GR(r3);
                        inst->operands[0].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r3);
                        inst->operands[1].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[1].index = r2;
                        inst->operands[1].value = IA64_GET_GR(r2);
                        inst->operands[1].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r2);
                        switch (x6) {
                        case 0x30: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST1; break;
                        case 0x31: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST2; break;
                        case 0x32: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST4; break;
                        case 0x33: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST8; break;
                        }
                        return true;
                }
                break;
        }
        return false;
}

// Decode group 5 instructions (load/store instructions)
static bool ia64_decode_instruction_5(ia64_instruction_t *inst, unsigned long *ctx)
{
        const int r1 = (inst->inst >> 6) & 0x7f;
        const int r2 = (inst->inst >> 13) & 0x7f;
        const int r3 = (inst->inst >> 20) & 0x7f;

        const int x6 = (inst->inst >> 30) & 0x3f;

        switch (x6) {
        case 0x00:
        case 0x01:
        case 0x02:
        case 0x03:
                inst->operands[0].valid = true;
                inst->operands[0].index = r1;
                inst->operands[1].valid = true;
                inst->operands[1].index = r3;
                inst->operands[1].value = IA64_GET_GR(r3);
                inst->operands[1].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r3);
                inst->operands[2].valid = true;
                inst->operands[2].index = -1;
                inst->operands[2].value = ia64_inst_get_imm9b(inst->inst);
                inst->operands[2].nat   = 0;
                switch (x6) {
                case 0x00: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE; break;
                case 0x01: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE; break;
                case 0x02: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE; break;
                case 0x03: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE; break;
                }
                return true;
        case 0x30:
        case 0x31:
        case 0x32:
        case 0x33:
                inst->operands[0].valid = true;
                inst->operands[0].index = r3;
                inst->operands[0].value = IA64_GET_GR(r3);
                inst->operands[0].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r3);
                inst->operands[1].valid = true;
                inst->operands[1].index = r2;
                inst->operands[1].value = IA64_GET_GR(r2);
                inst->operands[1].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r2);
                inst->operands[2].valid = true;
                inst->operands[2].index = -1;
                inst->operands[2].value = ia64_inst_get_imm9a(inst->inst);
                inst->operands[2].nat   = 0;
                switch (x6) {
                case 0x30: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST1_UPDATE; break;
                case 0x31: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST2_UPDATE; break;
                case 0x32: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST4_UPDATE; break;
                case 0x33: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ST8_UPDATE; break;
                }
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

// Decode group 8 instructions (ALU integer)
static bool ia64_decode_instruction_8(ia64_instruction_t *inst, unsigned long *ctx)
{
        const int r1  = (inst->inst >> 6) & 0x7f;
        const int r2  = (inst->inst >> 13) & 0x7f;
        const int r3  = (inst->inst >> 20) & 0x7f;

        const int x2a = (inst->inst >> 34) & 0x3;
        const int x2b = (inst->inst >> 27) & 0x3;
        const int x4  = (inst->inst >> 29) & 0xf;
        const int ve  = (inst->inst >> 33) & 0x1;

        // destination register (r1) is always valid in this group
        inst->operands[0].valid = true;
        inst->operands[0].index = r1;

        // source register (r3) is always valid in this group
        inst->operands[2].valid = true;
        inst->operands[2].index = r3;
        inst->operands[2].value = IA64_GET_GR(r3);
        inst->operands[2].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r3);

        if (x2a == 0 && ve == 0) {
                inst->operands[1].valid = true;
                inst->operands[1].index = r2;
                inst->operands[1].value = IA64_GET_GR(r2);
                inst->operands[1].nat   = IA64_GET_NAT(r2);
                switch (x4) {
                case 0x0:                               // add (A1)
                        inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ADD;
                        inst->operands[3].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[3].index = -1;
                        inst->operands[3].value = x2b == 1;
                        return true;
                case 0x1:                               // add (A1)
                        inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_SUB;
                        inst->operands[3].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[3].index = -1;
                        inst->operands[3].value = x2b == 0;
                        return true;
                case 0x4:                               // shladd (A2)
                        inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_SHLADD;
                        inst->operands[3].valid = true;
                        inst->operands[3].index = -1;
                        inst->operands[3].value = ia64_inst_get_count2(inst->inst);
                        return true;
                case 0x9:
                        if (x2b == 1) {
                                inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_SUB;
                                inst->operands[1].index = -1;
                                inst->operands[1].value = ia64_inst_get_imm8(inst->inst);
                                inst->operands[1].nat   = 0;
                                return true;
                        }
                        break;
                case 0xb:
                        inst->operands[1].index = -1;
                        inst->operands[1].value = ia64_inst_get_imm8(inst->inst);
                        inst->operands[1].nat   = 0;
                        // fall-through
                case 0x3:
                        switch (x2b) {
                        case 0: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_AND;   break;
                        case 1: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_ANDCM; break;
                        case 2: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_OR;    break;
                        case 3: inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_XOR;   break;
                        }
                        return true;
                }
        }
        return false;
}

// Decode instruction
static bool ia64_decode_instruction(ia64_instruction_t *inst, unsigned long *ctx)
{
        const int major = (inst->inst >> 37) & 0xf;

        inst->mnemo = IA64_INST_UNKNOWN;
        inst->pred  = inst->inst & 0x3f;
        memset(&inst->operands[0], 0, sizeof(inst->operands));

        switch (major) {
        case 0x0: return ia64_decode_instruction_0(inst, ctx);
        case 0x4: return ia64_decode_instruction_4(inst, ctx);
        case 0x5: return ia64_decode_instruction_5(inst, ctx);
        case 0x8: return ia64_decode_instruction_8(inst, ctx);
        }
        return false;
}

static bool ia64_emulate_instruction(ia64_instruction_t *inst, unsigned long *ctx)
{
        if (inst->mnemo == IA64_INST_UNKNOWN)
                return false;
        if (inst->pred && !IA64_GET_PR(inst->pred))
                return true;

        unsigned char nat, nat2;
        unsigned long dst, dst2, src1, src2, src3;

        switch (inst->mnemo) {
        case IA64_INST_NOP:
                break;
        case IA64_INST_ADD:
        case IA64_INST_SUB:
        case IA64_INST_SHLADD:
                src3 = inst->operands[3].value;
                // fall-through
        case IA64_INST_AND:
        case IA64_INST_ANDCM:
        case IA64_INST_OR:
        case IA64_INST_XOR:
                src1 = inst->operands[1].value;
                src2 = inst->operands[2].value;
                switch (inst->mnemo) {
                case IA64_INST_ADD:   dst = src1 + src2 + src3; break;
                case IA64_INST_SUB:   dst = src1 - src2 - src3; break;
                case IA64_INST_SHLADD: dst = (src1 << src3) + src2; break;
                case IA64_INST_AND:   dst = src1 & src2;                break;
                case IA64_INST_ANDCM: dst = src1 &~ src2;               break;
                case IA64_INST_OR:    dst = src1 | src2;                break;
                case IA64_INST_XOR:   dst = src1 ^ src2;                break;
                }
                inst->operands[0].commit = true;
                inst->operands[0].value  = dst;
                inst->operands[0].nat    = inst->operands[1].nat | inst->operands[2].nat;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_SXT1:
        case IA64_INST_SXT2:
        case IA64_INST_SXT4:
        case IA64_INST_ZXT1:
        case IA64_INST_ZXT2:
        case IA64_INST_ZXT4:
                src1 = inst->operands[1].value;
                switch (inst->mnemo) {
                case IA64_INST_SXT1: dst = (signed long)(signed char)src1;              break;
                case IA64_INST_SXT2: dst = (signed long)(signed short)src1;             break;
                case IA64_INST_SXT4: dst = (signed long)(signed int)src1;               break;
                case IA64_INST_ZXT1: dst = (unsigned char)src1;                                 break;
                case IA64_INST_ZXT2: dst = (unsigned short)src1;                                break;
                case IA64_INST_ZXT4: dst = (unsigned int)src1;                                  break;
                }
                inst->operands[0].commit = true;
                inst->operands[0].value  = dst;
                inst->operands[0].nat    = inst->operands[1].nat;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE:
                inst->operands[1].commit = true;
                dst2 = inst->operands[1].value + inst->operands[2].value;
                nat2 = inst->operands[2].nat ? inst->operands[2].nat : 0;
                // fall-through
        case IA64_INST_LD1:
        case IA64_INST_LD2:
        case IA64_INST_LD4:
        case IA64_INST_LD8:
                src1 = inst->operands[1].value;
                if (inst->no_memory)
                        dst = 0;
                else {
                        switch (inst->mnemo) {
                        case IA64_INST_LD1: case IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE: dst = *((unsigned char *)src1);  break;
                        case IA64_INST_LD2: case IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE: dst = *((unsigned short *)src1); break;
                        case IA64_INST_LD4: case IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE: dst = *((unsigned int *)src1);   break;
                        case IA64_INST_LD8: case IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE: dst = *((unsigned long *)src1);  break;
                        }
                }
                inst->operands[0].commit = true;
                inst->operands[0].value  = dst;
                inst->operands[0].nat    = 0;
                inst->operands[1].value  = dst2;
                inst->operands[1].nat    = nat2;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_ST1_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST2_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST4_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST8_UPDATE:
                inst->operands[0].commit = 0;
                dst2 = inst->operands[0].value + inst->operands[2].value;
                nat2 = inst->operands[2].nat ? inst->operands[2].nat : 0;
                // fall-through
        case IA64_INST_ST1:
        case IA64_INST_ST2:
        case IA64_INST_ST4:
        case IA64_INST_ST8:
                dst  = inst->operands[0].value;
                src1 = inst->operands[1].value;
                if (!inst->no_memory) {
                        switch (inst->mnemo) {
                        case IA64_INST_ST1: case IA64_INST_ST1_UPDATE: *((unsigned char *)dst) = src1;  break;
                        case IA64_INST_ST2: case IA64_INST_ST2_UPDATE: *((unsigned short *)dst) = src1; break;
                        case IA64_INST_ST4: case IA64_INST_ST4_UPDATE: *((unsigned int *)dst) = src1;   break;
                        case IA64_INST_ST8: case IA64_INST_ST8_UPDATE: *((unsigned long *)dst) = src1;  break;
                        }
                }
                inst->operands[0].value  = dst2;
                inst->operands[0].nat    = nat2;
                break;
        default:
                return false;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < IA64_N_OPERANDS; i++) {
                ia64_operand_t const & op = inst->operands[i];
                if (!op.commit)
                        continue;
                if (op.index == -1)
                        return false; // XXX: internal error
                IA64_SET_GR(op.index, op.value);
                IA64_SET_NAT(op.index, op.nat);
        }
        return true;
}

static bool ia64_emulate_instruction(unsigned long raw_inst, unsigned long *ctx)
{
        ia64_instruction_t inst;
        memset(&inst, 0, sizeof(inst));
        inst.inst = raw_inst;
        if (!ia64_decode_instruction(&inst, ctx))
                return false;
        return ia64_emulate_instruction(&inst, ctx);
}

static bool ia64_skip_instruction(unsigned long *ctx)
{
        unsigned long ip = ctx[IA64_REG_IP];
#if DEBUG
        printf("IP: 0x%016lx\n", ip);
#if 0
        printf(" Template 0x%02x\n", ia64_get_template(ip));
        ia64_get_instruction(ip, 0);
        ia64_get_instruction(ip, 1);
        ia64_get_instruction(ip, 2);
#endif
#endif

        // Select which decode switch to use
        ia64_instruction_t inst;
        inst.inst = ia64_get_instruction(ip, ip & 3);
        if (!ia64_decode_instruction(&inst, ctx)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ia64_skip_instruction(): could not decode instruction\n");
                return false;
        }

        transfer_type_t transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN;
        transfer_size_t transfer_size = SIZE_UNKNOWN;

        switch (inst.mnemo) {
        case IA64_INST_LD1:
        case IA64_INST_LD2:
        case IA64_INST_LD4:
        case IA64_INST_LD8:
        case IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE:
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_ST1:
        case IA64_INST_ST2:
        case IA64_INST_ST4:
        case IA64_INST_ST8:
        case IA64_INST_ST1_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST2_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST4_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST8_UPDATE:
                transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
                break;
        }

        if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN) {
                // Unknown machine code, let it crash. Then patch the decoder
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ia64_skip_instruction(): not a load/store instruction\n");
                return false;
        }

        switch (inst.mnemo) {
        case IA64_INST_LD1:
        case IA64_INST_LD1_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST1:
        case IA64_INST_ST1_UPDATE:
                transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_LD2:
        case IA64_INST_LD2_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST2:
        case IA64_INST_ST2_UPDATE:
                transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_LD4:
        case IA64_INST_LD4_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST4:
        case IA64_INST_ST4_UPDATE:
                transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
                break;
        case IA64_INST_LD8:
        case IA64_INST_LD8_UPDATE:
        case IA64_INST_ST8:
        case IA64_INST_ST8_UPDATE:
                transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
                break;
        }

        if (transfer_size == SIZE_UNKNOWN) {
                // Unknown machine code, let it crash. Then patch the decoder
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ia64_skip_instruction(): unknown transfer size\n");
                return false;
        }

        inst.no_memory = true;
        if (!ia64_emulate_instruction(&inst, ctx)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ia64_skip_instruction(): could not emulate fault instruction\n");
                return false;
        }

        int slot = ip & 3;
        bool emulate_next = false;
        switch (slot) {
        case 0:
                switch (ia64_get_template(ip)) {
                case 0x2: // MI;I
                case 0x3: // MI;I;
                        emulate_next = true;
                        slot = 2;
                        break;
                case 0xa: // M;MI
                case 0xb: // M;MI;
                        emulate_next = true;
                        slot = 1;
                        break;
                }
                break;
        }
        if (emulate_next) {
                while (slot < 3) {
                        if (!ia64_emulate_instruction(ia64_get_instruction(ip, slot), ctx)) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ia64_skip_instruction(): could not emulate instruction\n");
                                return false;
                        }
                        ++slot;
                }
        }

        ctx[IA64_REG_IP] = (ip & ~3ul) + 16;
#if DEBUG
        printf("IP: 0x%016lx\n", ctx[IA64_REG_IP]);
#endif
        return true;
}
#endif

// Decode and skip PPC instruction
#if (defined(powerpc) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc__) || defined(__ppc64__))
static bool powerpc_skip_instruction(unsigned long * nip_p, unsigned long * regs)
{
        instruction_t instr;
        powerpc_decode_instruction(&instr, *nip_p, regs);
        
        if (instr.transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN) {
                // Unknown machine code, let it crash. Then patch the decoder
                return false;
        }

#if DEBUG
        printf("%08x: %s %s access", *nip_p,
                   instr.transfer_size == SIZE_BYTE ? "byte" :
                   instr.transfer_size == SIZE_WORD ? "word" :
                   instr.transfer_size == SIZE_LONG ? "long" : "quad",
                   instr.transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD ? "read" : "write");
        
        if (instr.addr_mode == MODE_U || instr.addr_mode == MODE_UX)
                printf(" r%d (ra = %08x)\n", instr.ra, instr.addr);
        if (instr.transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD)
                printf(" r%d (rd = 0)\n", instr.rd);
#endif
        
        if (instr.addr_mode == MODE_U || instr.addr_mode == MODE_UX)
                regs[instr.ra] = instr.addr;
        if (instr.transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD)
                regs[instr.rd] = 0;
        
        *nip_p += 4;
        return true;
}
#endif

// Decode and skip MIPS instruction
#if (defined(mips) || defined(__mips))
static bool mips_skip_instruction(greg_t * pc_p, greg_t * regs)
{
  unsigned int * epc = (unsigned int *)(unsigned long)*pc_p;

  if (epc == 0)
        return false;

#if DEBUG
  printf("IP: %p [%08x]\n", epc, epc[0]);
#endif

  transfer_type_t transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN;
  transfer_size_t transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
  int direction = 0;

  const unsigned int opcode = epc[0];
  switch (opcode >> 26) {
  case 32: // Load Byte
  case 36: // Load Byte Unsigned
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        break;
  case 33: // Load Halfword
  case 37: // Load Halfword Unsigned
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
        break;
  case 35: // Load Word
  case 39: // Load Word Unsigned
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  case 34: // Load Word Left
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        direction = -1;
        break;
  case 38: // Load Word Right
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        direction = 1;
        break;
  case 55: // Load Doubleword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        break;
  case 26: // Load Doubleword Left
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        direction = -1;
        break;
  case 27: // Load Doubleword Right
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        direction = 1;
        break;
  case 40: // Store Byte
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        break;
  case 41: // Store Halfword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
        break;
  case 43: // Store Word
  case 42: // Store Word Left
  case 46: // Store Word Right
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  case 63: // Store Doubleword
  case 44: // Store Doubleword Left
  case 45: // Store Doubleword Right
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        break;
  /* Misc instructions unlikely to be used within CPU emulators */
  case 48: // Load Linked Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  case 52: // Load Linked Doubleword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        break;
  case 56: // Store Conditional Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  case 60: // Store Conditional Doubleword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        break;
  }

  if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN) {
        // Unknown machine code, let it crash. Then patch the decoder
        return false;
  }

  // Zero target register in case of a load operation
  const int reg = (opcode >> 16) & 0x1f;
  if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD) {
        if (direction == 0)
          regs[reg] = 0;
        else {
          // FIXME: untested code
          unsigned long ea = regs[(opcode >> 21) & 0x1f];
          ea += (signed long)(signed int)(signed short)(opcode & 0xffff);
          const int offset = ea & (transfer_size == SIZE_LONG ? 3 : 7);
          unsigned long value;
          if (direction > 0) {
                const unsigned long rmask = ~((1L << ((offset + 1) * 8)) - 1);
                value = regs[reg] & rmask;
          }
          else {
                const unsigned long lmask = (1L << (offset * 8)) - 1;
                value = regs[reg] & lmask;
          }
          // restore most significant bits
          if (transfer_size == SIZE_LONG)
                value = (signed long)(signed int)value;
          regs[reg] = value;
        }
  }

#if DEBUG
#if (defined(_ABIN32) || defined(_ABI64))
  static const char * mips_gpr_names[32] = {
        "zero", "at",   "v0",   "v1",   "a0",   "a1",   "a2",   "a3",
        "t0",   "t1",   "t2",   "t3",   "t4",   "t5",   "t6",   "t7",
        "s0",   "s1",   "s2",   "s3",   "s4",   "s5",   "s6",   "s7",
        "t8",   "t9",   "k0",   "k1",   "gp",   "sp",   "s8",   "ra"
  };
#else
  static const char * mips_gpr_names[32] = {
        "zero", "at",   "v0",   "v1",   "a0",   "a1",   "a2",   "a3",
        "a4",   "a5",   "a6",   "a7",   "t0",   "t1",   "t2",   "t3",
        "s0",   "s1",   "s2",   "s3",   "s4",   "s5",   "s6",   "s7",
        "t8",   "t9",   "k0",   "k1",   "gp",   "sp",   "s8",   "ra"
  };
#endif
  printf("%s %s register %s\n",
                 transfer_size == SIZE_BYTE ? "byte" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_WORD ? "word" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_LONG ? "long" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_QUAD ? "quad" : "unknown",
                 transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD ? "load to" : "store from",
                 mips_gpr_names[reg]);
#endif

  *pc_p += 4;
  return true;
}
#endif

// Decode and skip SPARC instruction
#if (defined(sparc) || defined(__sparc__))
enum {
#if (defined(__sun__))
  SPARC_REG_G1 = REG_G1,
  SPARC_REG_O0 = REG_O0,
  SPARC_REG_PC = REG_PC,
  SPARC_REG_nPC = REG_nPC
#endif
};
static bool sparc_skip_instruction(unsigned long * regs, gwindows_t * gwins, struct rwindow * rwin)
{
  unsigned int * pc = (unsigned int *)regs[SPARC_REG_PC];

  if (pc == 0)
        return false;

#if DEBUG
  printf("IP: %p [%08x]\n", pc, pc[0]);
#endif

  transfer_type_t transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN;
  transfer_size_t transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
  bool register_pair = false;

  const unsigned int opcode = pc[0];
  if ((opcode >> 30) != 3)
        return false;
  switch ((opcode >> 19) & 0x3f) {
  case 9: // Load Signed Byte
  case 1: // Load Unsigned Byte
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        break;
  case 10:// Load Signed Halfword
  case 2: // Load Unsigned Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
        break;
  case 8: // Load Word
  case 0: // Load Unsigned Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  case 11:// Load Extended Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        break;
  case 3: // Load Doubleword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        register_pair = true;
        break;
  case 5: // Store Byte
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        break;
  case 6: // Store Halfword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
        break;
  case 4: // Store Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  case 14:// Store Extended Word
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_QUAD;
        break;
  case 7: // Store Doubleword
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;
        transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        register_pair = true;
        break;
  }

  if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN) {
        // Unknown machine code, let it crash. Then patch the decoder
        return false;
  }

  const int reg = (opcode >> 25) & 0x1f;

#if DEBUG
  static const char * reg_names[] = {
        "g0", "g1", "g2", "g3", "g4", "g5", "g6", "g7",
        "o0", "o1", "o2", "o3", "o4", "o5", "sp", "o7",
        "l0", "l1", "l2", "l3", "l4", "l5", "l6", "l7",
        "i0", "i1", "i2", "i3", "i4", "i5", "fp", "i7"
  };
  printf("%s %s register %s\n",
                 transfer_size == SIZE_BYTE ? "byte" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_WORD ? "word" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_LONG ? "long" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_QUAD ? "quad" : "unknown",
                 transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD ? "load to" : "store from",
                 reg_names[reg]);
#endif

  // Zero target register in case of a load operation
  if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD && reg != 0) {
        // FIXME: code to handle local & input registers is not tested
        if (reg >= 1 && reg < 8) {
          // global registers
          regs[reg - 1 + SPARC_REG_G1] = 0;
        }
        else if (reg >= 8 && reg < 16) {
          // output registers
          regs[reg - 8 + SPARC_REG_O0] = 0;
        }
        else if (reg >= 16 && reg < 24) {
          // local registers (in register windows)
          if (gwins)
                gwins->wbuf->rw_local[reg - 16] = 0;
          else
                rwin->rw_local[reg - 16] = 0;
        }
        else {
          // input registers (in register windows)
          if (gwins)
                gwins->wbuf->rw_in[reg - 24] = 0;
          else
                rwin->rw_in[reg - 24] = 0;
        }
  }

  regs[SPARC_REG_PC] += 4;
  regs[SPARC_REG_nPC] += 4;
  return true;
}
#endif
#endif

// Decode and skip ARM instruction
#if (defined(arm) || defined(__arm__))
enum {
#if (defined(__linux__))
  ARM_REG_PC = 15,
  ARM_REG_CPSR = 16
#endif
};
static bool arm_skip_instruction(unsigned long * regs)
{
  unsigned int * pc = (unsigned int *)regs[ARM_REG_PC];

  if (pc == 0)
        return false;

#if DEBUG
  printf("IP: %p [%08x]\n", pc, pc[0]);
#endif

  transfer_type_t transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_UNKNOWN;
  transfer_size_t transfer_size = SIZE_UNKNOWN;
  enum { op_sdt = 1, op_sdth = 2 };
  int op = 0;

  // Handle load/store instructions only
  const unsigned int opcode = pc[0];
  switch ((opcode >> 25) & 7) {
  case 0: // Halfword and Signed Data Transfer (LDRH, STRH, LDRSB, LDRSH)
        op = op_sdth;
        // Determine transfer size (S/H bits)
        switch ((opcode >> 5) & 3) {
        case 0: // SWP instruction
          break;
        case 1: // Unsigned halfwords
        case 3: // Signed halfwords
          transfer_size = SIZE_WORD;
          break;
        case 2: // Signed byte
          transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
          break;
        }
        break;
  case 2:
  case 3: // Single Data Transfer (LDR, STR)
        op = op_sdt;
        // Determine transfer size (B bit)
        if (((opcode >> 22) & 1) == 1)
          transfer_size = SIZE_BYTE;
        else
          transfer_size = SIZE_LONG;
        break;
  default:
        // FIXME: support load/store mutliple?
        return false;
  }

  // Check for invalid transfer size (SWP instruction?)
  if (transfer_size == SIZE_UNKNOWN)
        return false;

  // Determine transfer type (L bit)
  if (((opcode >> 20) & 1) == 1)
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD;
  else
        transfer_type = SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_STORE;

  // Compute offset
  int offset;
  if (((opcode >> 25) & 1) == 0) {
        if (op == op_sdt)
          offset = opcode & 0xfff;
        else if (op == op_sdth) {
          int rm = opcode & 0xf;
          if (((opcode >> 22) & 1) == 0) {
                // register offset
                offset = regs[rm];
          }
          else {
                // immediate offset
                offset = ((opcode >> 4) & 0xf0) | (opcode & 0x0f);
          }
        }
  }
  else {
        const int rm = opcode & 0xf;
        const int sh = (opcode >> 7) & 0x1f;
        if (((opcode >> 4) & 1) == 1) {
          // we expect only legal load/store instructions
          printf("FATAL: invalid shift operand\n");
          return false;
        }
        const unsigned int v = regs[rm];
        switch ((opcode >> 5) & 3) {
        case 0: // logical shift left
          offset = sh ? v << sh : v;
          break;
        case 1: // logical shift right
          offset = sh ? v >> sh : 0;
          break;
        case 2: // arithmetic shift right
          if (sh)
                offset = ((signed int)v) >> sh;
          else
                offset = (v & 0x80000000) ? 0xffffffff : 0;
          break;
        case 3: // rotate right
          if (sh)
                offset = (v >> sh) | (v << (32 - sh));
          else
                offset = (v >> 1) | ((regs[ARM_REG_CPSR] << 2) & 0x80000000);
          break;
        }
  }
  if (((opcode >> 23) & 1) == 0)
        offset = -offset;

  int rd = (opcode >> 12) & 0xf;
  int rn = (opcode >> 16) & 0xf;
#if DEBUG
  static const char * reg_names[] = {
        "r0", "r1", "r2", "r3", "r4", "r5", "r6", "r7",
        "r9", "r9", "sl", "fp", "ip", "sp", "lr", "pc"
  };
  printf("%s %s register %s\n",
                 transfer_size == SIZE_BYTE ? "byte" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_WORD ? "word" :
                 transfer_size == SIZE_LONG ? "long" : "unknown",
                 transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD ? "load to" : "store from",
                 reg_names[rd]);
#endif

  unsigned int base = regs[rn];
  if (((opcode >> 24) & 1) == 1)
        base += offset;

  if (transfer_type == SIGSEGV_TRANSFER_LOAD)
        regs[rd] = 0;

  if (((opcode >> 24) & 1) == 0)                // post-index addressing
        regs[rn] += offset;
  else if (((opcode >> 21) & 1) == 1)   // write-back address into base
        regs[rn] = base;

  regs[ARM_REG_PC] += 4;
  return true;
}
#endif


// Fallbacks
#ifndef SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS_FAST
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS_FAST              SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS
#endif
#ifndef SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_FAST
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_FAST  SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION
#endif
#ifndef SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION               SIGSEGV_INVALID_ADDRESS
#endif
#ifndef SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST_1
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST_1 SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST
#endif
#ifndef SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_INVOKE
#define SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_INVOKE(P) sigsegv_fault_handler(P)
#endif

// SIGSEGV recovery supported ?
#if defined(SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS) && defined(SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST) && defined(SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS)
#define HAVE_SIGSEGV_RECOVERY
#endif


/*
 *  SIGSEGV global handler
 */

struct sigsegv_info_t {
        sigsegv_address_t addr;
        sigsegv_address_t pc;
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
        mach_port_t thread;
        bool has_exc_state;
        SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_TYPE exc_state;
        mach_msg_type_number_t exc_state_count;
        bool has_thr_state;
        SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_TYPE thr_state;
        mach_msg_type_number_t thr_state_count;
#endif
};

#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
static void mach_get_exception_state(sigsegv_info_t *SIP)
{
        SIP->exc_state_count = SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT;
        kern_return_t krc = thread_get_state(SIP->thread,
                                                                                 SIGSEGV_EXCEPTION_STATE_FLAVOR,
                                                                                 (natural_t *)&SIP->exc_state,
                                                                                 &SIP->exc_state_count);
        MACH_CHECK_ERROR(thread_get_state, krc);
        SIP->has_exc_state = true;
}

static void mach_get_thread_state(sigsegv_info_t *SIP)
{
        SIP->thr_state_count = SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_COUNT;
        kern_return_t krc = thread_get_state(SIP->thread,
                                                                                 SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR,
                                                                                 (natural_t *)&SIP->thr_state,
                                                                                 &SIP->thr_state_count);
        MACH_CHECK_ERROR(thread_get_state, krc);
        SIP->has_thr_state = true;
}

static void mach_set_thread_state(sigsegv_info_t *SIP)
{
        kern_return_t krc = thread_set_state(SIP->thread,
                                                                                 SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR,
                                                                                 (natural_t *)&SIP->thr_state,
                                                                                 SIP->thr_state_count);
        MACH_CHECK_ERROR(thread_set_state, krc);
}
#endif

// Return the address of the invalid memory reference
sigsegv_address_t sigsegv_get_fault_address(sigsegv_info_t *SIP)
{
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
        static int use_fast_path = -1;
        if (use_fast_path != 1 && !SIP->has_exc_state) {
                mach_get_exception_state(SIP);

                sigsegv_address_t addr = (sigsegv_address_t)SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS;
                if (use_fast_path < 0)
                        use_fast_path = addr == SIP->addr;
                SIP->addr = addr;
        }
#endif
        return SIP->addr;
}

// Return the address of the instruction that caused the fault, or
// SIGSEGV_INVALID_ADDRESS if we could not retrieve this information
sigsegv_address_t sigsegv_get_fault_instruction_address(sigsegv_info_t *SIP)
{
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
        if (!SIP->has_thr_state) {
                mach_get_thread_state(SIP);

                SIP->pc = (sigsegv_address_t)SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION;
        }
#endif
        return SIP->pc;
}

// This function handles the badaccess to memory.
// It is called from the signal handler or the exception handler.
static bool handle_badaccess(SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST_1)
{
        sigsegv_info_t SI;
        SI.addr = (sigsegv_address_t)SIGSEGV_FAULT_ADDRESS_FAST;
        SI.pc = (sigsegv_address_t)SIGSEGV_FAULT_INSTRUCTION_FAST;
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
        SI.thread = thread;
        SI.has_exc_state = false;
        SI.has_thr_state = false;
#endif
        sigsegv_info_t * const SIP = &SI;

        // Call user's handler and reinstall the global handler, if required
        switch (SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_INVOKE(SIP)) {
        case SIGSEGV_RETURN_SUCCESS:
                return true;

#if HAVE_SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION
        case SIGSEGV_RETURN_SKIP_INSTRUCTION:
                // Call the instruction skipper with the register file
                // available
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
                if (!SIP->has_thr_state)
                        mach_get_thread_state(SIP);
#endif
                if (SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(SIGSEGV_REGISTER_FILE)) {
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
                        // Unlike UNIX signals where the thread state
                        // is modified off of the stack, in Mach we
                        // need to actually call thread_set_state to
                        // have the register values updated.
                        mach_set_thread_state(SIP);
#endif
                        return true;
                }
                break;
#endif
        case SIGSEGV_RETURN_FAILURE:
                // We can't do anything with the fault_address, dump state?
                if (sigsegv_state_dumper != 0)
                        sigsegv_state_dumper(SIP);
                break;
        }

        return false;
}


/*
 * There are two mechanisms for handling a bad memory access,
 * Mach exceptions and UNIX signals. The implementation specific
 * code appears below. Its reponsibility is to call handle_badaccess
 * which is the routine that handles the fault in an implementation
 * agnostic manner. The implementation specific code below is then
 * reponsible for checking whether handle_badaccess was able
 * to handle the memory access error and perform any implementation
 * specific tasks necessary afterwards.
 */

#ifdef HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
/*
 * We need to forward all exceptions that we do not handle.
 * This is important, there are many exceptions that may be
 * handled by other exception handlers. For example debuggers
 * use exceptions and the exception hander is in another
 * process in such a case. (Timothy J. Wood states in his
 * message to the list that he based this code on that from
 * gdb for Darwin.)
 */
static inline kern_return_t
forward_exception(mach_port_t thread_port,
                                  mach_port_t task_port,
                                  exception_type_t exception_type,
                                  exception_data_t exception_data,
                                  mach_msg_type_number_t data_count,
                                  ExceptionPorts *oldExceptionPorts)
{
        kern_return_t kret;
        unsigned int portIndex;
        mach_port_t port;
        exception_behavior_t behavior;
        thread_state_flavor_t flavor;
        thread_state_data_t thread_state;
        mach_msg_type_number_t thread_state_count;

        for (portIndex = 0; portIndex < oldExceptionPorts->maskCount; portIndex++) {
                if (oldExceptionPorts->masks[portIndex] & (1 << exception_type)) {
                        // This handler wants the exception
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (portIndex >= oldExceptionPorts->maskCount) {
                fprintf(stderr, "No handler for exception_type = %d. Not fowarding\n", exception_type);
                return KERN_FAILURE;
        }

        port = oldExceptionPorts->handlers[portIndex];
        behavior = oldExceptionPorts->behaviors[portIndex];
        flavor = oldExceptionPorts->flavors[portIndex];

        if (!VALID_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR(flavor)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Invalid thread_state flavor = %d. Not forwarding\n", flavor);
                return KERN_FAILURE;
        }

        /*
         fprintf(stderr, "forwarding exception, port = 0x%x, behaviour = %d, flavor = %d\n", port, behavior, flavor);
         */

        if (behavior != EXCEPTION_DEFAULT) {
                thread_state_count = THREAD_STATE_MAX;
                kret = thread_get_state (thread_port, flavor, (natural_t *)&thread_state,
                                                                 &thread_state_count);
                MACH_CHECK_ERROR (thread_get_state, kret);
        }

        switch (behavior) {
        case EXCEPTION_DEFAULT:
          // fprintf(stderr, "forwarding to exception_raise\n");
          kret = exception_raise(port, thread_port, task_port, exception_type,
                                                         exception_data, data_count);
          MACH_CHECK_ERROR (exception_raise, kret);
          break;
        case EXCEPTION_STATE:
          // fprintf(stderr, "forwarding to exception_raise_state\n");
          kret = exception_raise_state(port, exception_type, exception_data,
                                                                   data_count, &flavor,
                                                                   (natural_t *)&thread_state, thread_state_count,
                                                                   (natural_t *)&thread_state, &thread_state_count);
          MACH_CHECK_ERROR (exception_raise_state, kret);
          break;
        case EXCEPTION_STATE_IDENTITY:
          // fprintf(stderr, "forwarding to exception_raise_state_identity\n");
          kret = exception_raise_state_identity(port, thread_port, task_port,
                                                                                        exception_type, exception_data,
                                                                                        data_count, &flavor,
                                                                                        (natural_t *)&thread_state, thread_state_count,
                                                                                        (natural_t *)&thread_state, &thread_state_count);
          MACH_CHECK_ERROR (exception_raise_state_identity, kret);
          break;
        default:
          fprintf(stderr, "forward_exception got unknown behavior\n");
          kret = KERN_FAILURE;
          break;
        }

        if (behavior != EXCEPTION_DEFAULT) {
                kret = thread_set_state (thread_port, flavor, (natural_t *)&thread_state,
                                                                 thread_state_count);
                MACH_CHECK_ERROR (thread_set_state, kret);
        }

        return kret;
}

/*
 * This is the code that actually handles the exception.
 * It is called by exc_server. For Darwin 5 Apple changed
 * this a bit from how this family of functions worked in
 * Mach. If you are familiar with that it is a little
 * different. The main variation that concerns us here is
 * that code is an array of exception specific codes and
 * codeCount is a count of the number of codes in the code
 * array. In typical Mach all exceptions have a code
 * and sub-code. It happens to be the case that for a
 * EXC_BAD_ACCESS exception the first entry is the type of
 * bad access that occurred and the second entry is the
 * faulting address so these entries correspond exactly to
 * how the code and sub-code are used on Mach.
 *
 * This is a MIG interface. No code in Basilisk II should
 * call this directley. This has to have external C
 * linkage because that is what exc_server expects.
 */
kern_return_t
catch_exception_raise(mach_port_t exception_port,
                                          mach_port_t thread,
                                          mach_port_t task,
                                          exception_type_t exception,
                                          exception_data_t code,
                                          mach_msg_type_number_t code_count)
{
        kern_return_t krc;

        if (exception == EXC_BAD_ACCESS) {
                switch (code[0]) {
                case KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE:
                case KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS:
                        if (handle_badaccess(SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS))
                                return KERN_SUCCESS;
                        break;
                }
        }

        // In Mach we do not need to remove the exception handler.
        // If we forward the exception, eventually some exception handler
        // will take care of this exception.
        krc = forward_exception(thread, task, exception, code, code_count, &ports);

        return krc;
}
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SIGSEGV_RECOVERY
// Handle bad memory accesses with signal handler
static void sigsegv_handler(SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGLIST)
{
        // Call handler and reinstall the global handler, if required
        if (handle_badaccess(SIGSEGV_FAULT_HANDLER_ARGS)) {
#if (defined(HAVE_SIGACTION) ? defined(SIGACTION_NEED_REINSTALL) : defined(SIGNAL_NEED_REINSTALL))
                sigsegv_do_install_handler(sig);
#endif
                return;
        }

        // Failure: reinstall default handler for "safe" crash
#define FAULT_HANDLER(sig) signal(sig, SIG_DFL);
        SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS
#undef FAULT_HANDLER
}
#endif


/*
 *  SIGSEGV handler initialization
 */

#if defined(HAVE_SIGINFO_T)
static bool sigsegv_do_install_handler(int sig)
{
        // Setup SIGSEGV handler to process writes to frame buffer
#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
        struct sigaction sigsegv_sa;
        sigemptyset(&sigsegv_sa.sa_mask);
        sigsegv_sa.sa_sigaction = sigsegv_handler;
        sigsegv_sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
        return (sigaction(sig, &sigsegv_sa, 0) == 0);
#else
        return (signal(sig, (signal_handler)sigsegv_handler) != SIG_ERR);
#endif
}
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_SIGCONTEXT_SUBTERFUGE)
static bool sigsegv_do_install_handler(int sig)
{
        // Setup SIGSEGV handler to process writes to frame buffer
#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
        struct sigaction sigsegv_sa;
        sigemptyset(&sigsegv_sa.sa_mask);
        sigsegv_sa.sa_handler = (signal_handler)sigsegv_handler;
        sigsegv_sa.sa_flags = 0;
#if !EMULATED_68K && defined(__NetBSD__)
        sigaddset(&sigsegv_sa.sa_mask, SIGALRM);
        sigsegv_sa.sa_flags |= SA_ONSTACK;
#endif
        return (sigaction(sig, &sigsegv_sa, 0) == 0);
#else
        return (signal(sig, (signal_handler)sigsegv_handler) != SIG_ERR);
#endif
}
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS)
static bool sigsegv_do_install_handler(sigsegv_fault_handler_t handler)
{
        /*
         * Except for the exception port functions, this should be
         * pretty much stock Mach. If later you choose to support
         * other Mach's besides Darwin, just check for __MACH__
         * here and __APPLE__ where the actual differences are.
         */
#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
        if (sigsegv_fault_handler != NULL) {
                sigsegv_fault_handler = handler;
                return true;
        }

        kern_return_t krc;

        // create the the exception port
        krc = mach_port_allocate(mach_task_self(),
                          MACH_PORT_RIGHT_RECEIVE, &_exceptionPort);
        if (krc != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                mach_error("mach_port_allocate", krc);
                return false;
        }

        // add a port send right
        krc = mach_port_insert_right(mach_task_self(),
                              _exceptionPort, _exceptionPort,
                              MACH_MSG_TYPE_MAKE_SEND);
        if (krc != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                mach_error("mach_port_insert_right", krc);
                return false;
        }

        // get the old exception ports
        ports.maskCount = sizeof (ports.masks) / sizeof (ports.masks[0]);
        krc = thread_get_exception_ports(mach_thread_self(), EXC_MASK_BAD_ACCESS, ports.masks,
                                &ports.maskCount, ports.handlers, ports.behaviors, ports.flavors);
        if (krc != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                mach_error("thread_get_exception_ports", krc);
                return false;
        }

        // set the new exception port
        //
        // We could have used EXCEPTION_STATE_IDENTITY instead of
        // EXCEPTION_DEFAULT to get the thread state in the initial
        // message, but it turns out that in the common case this is not
        // neccessary. If we need it we can later ask for it from the
        // suspended thread.
        //
        // Even with THREAD_STATE_NONE, Darwin provides the program
        // counter in the thread state.  The comments in the header file
        // seem to imply that you can count on the GPR's on an exception
        // as well but just to be safe I use MACHINE_THREAD_STATE because
        // you have to ask for all of the GPR's anyway just to get the
        // program counter. In any case because of update effective
        // address from immediate and update address from effective
        // addresses of ra and rb modes (as good an name as any for these
        // addressing modes) used in PPC instructions, you will need the
        // GPR state anyway.
        krc = thread_set_exception_ports(mach_thread_self(), EXC_MASK_BAD_ACCESS, _exceptionPort,
                                EXCEPTION_DEFAULT, SIGSEGV_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR);
        if (krc != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                mach_error("thread_set_exception_ports", krc);
                return false;
        }

        // create the exception handler thread
        if (pthread_create(&exc_thread, NULL, &handleExceptions, NULL) != 0) {
                (void)fprintf(stderr, "creation of exception thread failed\n");
                return false;
        }

        // do not care about the exception thread any longer, let is run standalone
        (void)pthread_detach(exc_thread);

        sigsegv_fault_handler = handler;
        return true;
#else
        return false;
#endif
}
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_WIN32_EXCEPTIONS
static LONG WINAPI main_exception_filter(EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo)
{
        if (sigsegv_fault_handler != NULL
                && ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION
                && ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->NumberParameters == 2
                && handle_badaccess(ExceptionInfo))
                return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;

        return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
}

#if defined __CYGWIN__ && defined __i386__
/* In Cygwin programs, SetUnhandledExceptionFilter has no effect because Cygwin
   installs a global exception handler.  We have to dig deep in order to install
   our main_exception_filter.  */

/* Data structures for the current thread's exception handler chain.
   On the x86 Windows uses register fs, offset 0 to point to the current
   exception handler; Cygwin mucks with it, so we must do the same... :-/ */

/* Magic taken from winsup/cygwin/include/exceptions.h.  */

struct exception_list {
    struct exception_list *prev;
    int (*handler) (EXCEPTION_RECORD *, void *, CONTEXT *, void *);
};
typedef struct exception_list exception_list;

/* Magic taken from winsup/cygwin/exceptions.cc.  */

__asm__ (".equ __except_list,0");

extern exception_list *_except_list __asm__ ("%fs:__except_list");

/* For debugging.  _except_list is not otherwise accessible from gdb.  */
static exception_list *
debug_get_except_list ()
{
  return _except_list;
}

/* Cygwin's original exception handler.  */
static int (*cygwin_exception_handler) (EXCEPTION_RECORD *, void *, CONTEXT *, void *);

/* Our exception handler.  */
static int
libsigsegv_exception_handler (EXCEPTION_RECORD *exception, void *frame, CONTEXT *context, void *dispatch)
{
  EXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo;
  ExceptionInfo.ExceptionRecord = exception;
  ExceptionInfo.ContextRecord = context;
  if (main_exception_filter (&ExceptionInfo) == EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH)
    return cygwin_exception_handler (exception, frame, context, dispatch);
  else
    return 0;
}

static void
do_install_main_exception_filter ()
{
  /* We cannot insert any handler into the chain, because such handlers
     must lie on the stack (?).  Instead, we have to replace(!) Cygwin's
     global exception handler.  */
  cygwin_exception_handler = _except_list->handler;
  _except_list->handler = libsigsegv_exception_handler;
}

#else

static void
do_install_main_exception_filter ()
{
  SetUnhandledExceptionFilter ((LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER) &main_exception_filter);
}
#endif

static bool sigsegv_do_install_handler(sigsegv_fault_handler_t handler)
{
        static bool main_exception_filter_installed = false;
        if (!main_exception_filter_installed) {
                do_install_main_exception_filter();
                main_exception_filter_installed = true;
        }
        sigsegv_fault_handler = handler;
        return true;
}
#endif

bool sigsegv_install_handler(sigsegv_fault_handler_t handler)
{
#if defined(HAVE_SIGSEGV_RECOVERY)
        bool success = true;
#define FAULT_HANDLER(sig) success = success && sigsegv_do_install_handler(sig);
        SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS
#undef FAULT_HANDLER
        if (success)
            sigsegv_fault_handler = handler;
        return success;
#elif defined(HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS) || defined(HAVE_WIN32_EXCEPTIONS)
        return sigsegv_do_install_handler(handler);
#else
        // FAIL: no siginfo_t nor sigcontext subterfuge is available
        return false;
#endif
}


/*
 *  SIGSEGV handler deinitialization
 */

void sigsegv_deinstall_handler(void)
{
  // We do nothing for Mach exceptions, the thread would need to be
  // suspended if not already so, and we might mess with other
  // exception handlers that came after we registered ours. There is
  // no need to remove the exception handler, in fact this function is
  // not called anywhere in Basilisk II.
#ifdef HAVE_SIGSEGV_RECOVERY
        sigsegv_fault_handler = 0;
#define FAULT_HANDLER(sig) signal(sig, SIG_DFL);
        SIGSEGV_ALL_SIGNALS
#undef FAULT_HANDLER
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_WIN32_EXCEPTIONS
        sigsegv_fault_handler = NULL;
#endif
}


/*
 *  Set callback function when we cannot handle the fault
 */

void sigsegv_set_dump_state(sigsegv_state_dumper_t handler)
{
        sigsegv_state_dumper = handler;
}


/*
 *  Test program used for configure/test
 */

#ifdef CONFIGURE_TEST_SIGSEGV_RECOVERY
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_MMAN_H
#include <sys/mman.h>
#endif
#include "vm_alloc.h"

const int REF_INDEX = 123;
const int REF_VALUE = 45;

static int page_size;
static volatile char * page = 0;
static volatile int handler_called = 0;

/* Barriers */
#ifdef __GNUC__
#define BARRIER() asm volatile ("" : : : "memory")
#else
#define BARRIER() /* nothing */
#endif

#ifdef __GNUC__
// Code range where we expect the fault to come from
static void *b_region, *e_region;
#endif

static sigsegv_return_t sigsegv_test_handler(sigsegv_info_t *sip)
{
        const sigsegv_address_t fault_address = sigsegv_get_fault_address(sip);
        const sigsegv_address_t instruction_address = sigsegv_get_fault_instruction_address(sip);
#if DEBUG
        printf("sigsegv_test_handler(%p, %p)\n", fault_address, instruction_address);
        printf("expected fault at %p\n", page + REF_INDEX);
#ifdef __GNUC__
        printf("expected instruction address range: %p-%p\n", b_region, e_region);
#endif
#endif
        handler_called++;
        if ((fault_address - REF_INDEX) != page)
                exit(10);
#ifdef __GNUC__
        // Make sure reported fault instruction address falls into
        // expected code range
        if (instruction_address != SIGSEGV_INVALID_ADDRESS
                && ((instruction_address <  (sigsegv_address_t)b_region) ||
                        (instruction_address >= (sigsegv_address_t)e_region)))
                exit(11);
#endif
        if (vm_protect((char *)((unsigned long)fault_address & -page_size), page_size, VM_PAGE_READ | VM_PAGE_WRITE) != 0)
                exit(12);
        return SIGSEGV_RETURN_SUCCESS;
}

#ifdef HAVE_SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION
static sigsegv_return_t sigsegv_insn_handler(sigsegv_info_t *sip)
{
        const sigsegv_address_t fault_address = sigsegv_get_fault_address(sip);
        const sigsegv_address_t instruction_address = sigsegv_get_fault_instruction_address(sip);
#if DEBUG
        printf("sigsegv_insn_handler(%p, %p)\n", fault_address, instruction_address);
#endif
        if (((unsigned long)fault_address - (unsigned long)page) < page_size) {
#ifdef __GNUC__
                // Make sure reported fault instruction address falls into
                // expected code range
                if (instruction_address != SIGSEGV_INVALID_ADDRESS
                        && ((instruction_address <  (sigsegv_address_t)b_region) ||
                                (instruction_address >= (sigsegv_address_t)e_region)))
                        return SIGSEGV_RETURN_FAILURE;
#endif
                return SIGSEGV_RETURN_SKIP_INSTRUCTION;
        }

        return SIGSEGV_RETURN_FAILURE;
}

// More sophisticated tests for instruction skipper
static bool arch_insn_skipper_tests()
{
#if (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__)) || defined(__x86_64__)
        static const unsigned char code[] = {
                0x8a, 0x00,                    // mov    (%eax),%al
                0x8a, 0x2c, 0x18,              // mov    (%eax,%ebx,1),%ch
                0x88, 0x20,                    // mov    %ah,(%eax)
                0x88, 0x08,                    // mov    %cl,(%eax)
                0x66, 0x8b, 0x00,              // mov    (%eax),%ax
                0x66, 0x8b, 0x0c, 0x18,        // mov    (%eax,%ebx,1),%cx
                0x66, 0x89, 0x00,              // mov    %ax,(%eax)
                0x66, 0x89, 0x0c, 0x18,        // mov    %cx,(%eax,%ebx,1)
                0x8b, 0x00,                    // mov    (%eax),%eax
                0x8b, 0x0c, 0x18,              // mov    (%eax,%ebx,1),%ecx
                0x89, 0x00,                    // mov    %eax,(%eax)
                0x89, 0x0c, 0x18,              // mov    %ecx,(%eax,%ebx,1)
#if defined(__x86_64__)
                0x44, 0x8a, 0x00,              // mov    (%rax),%r8b
                0x44, 0x8a, 0x20,              // mov    (%rax),%r12b
                0x42, 0x8a, 0x3c, 0x10,        // mov    (%rax,%r10,1),%dil
                0x44, 0x88, 0x00,              // mov    %r8b,(%rax)
                0x44, 0x88, 0x20,              // mov    %r12b,(%rax)
                0x42, 0x88, 0x3c, 0x10,        // mov    %dil,(%rax,%r10,1)
                0x66, 0x44, 0x8b, 0x00,        // mov    (%rax),%r8w
                0x66, 0x42, 0x8b, 0x0c, 0x10,  // mov    (%rax,%r10,1),%cx
                0x66, 0x44, 0x89, 0x00,        // mov    %r8w,(%rax)
                0x66, 0x42, 0x89, 0x0c, 0x10,  // mov    %cx,(%rax,%r10,1)
                0x44, 0x8b, 0x00,              // mov    (%rax),%r8d
                0x42, 0x8b, 0x0c, 0x10,        // mov    (%rax,%r10,1),%ecx
                0x44, 0x89, 0x00,              // mov    %r8d,(%rax)
                0x42, 0x89, 0x0c, 0x10,        // mov    %ecx,(%rax,%r10,1)
                0x48, 0x8b, 0x08,              // mov    (%rax),%rcx
                0x4c, 0x8b, 0x18,              // mov    (%rax),%r11
                0x4a, 0x8b, 0x0c, 0x10,        // mov    (%rax,%r10,1),%rcx
                0x4e, 0x8b, 0x1c, 0x10,        // mov    (%rax,%r10,1),%r11
                0x48, 0x89, 0x08,              // mov    %rcx,(%rax)
                0x4c, 0x89, 0x18,              // mov    %r11,(%rax)
                0x4a, 0x89, 0x0c, 0x10,        // mov    %rcx,(%rax,%r10,1)
                0x4e, 0x89, 0x1c, 0x10,        // mov    %r11,(%rax,%r10,1)
                0x63, 0x47, 0x04,              // movslq 4(%rdi),%eax
                0x48, 0x63, 0x47, 0x04,        // movslq 4(%rdi),%rax
#endif
                0                              // end
        };
        const int N_REGS = 20;
        unsigned long regs[N_REGS];
        for (int i = 0; i < N_REGS; i++)
                regs[i] = i;
        const unsigned long start_code = (unsigned long)&code;
        regs[X86_REG_EIP] = start_code;
        while ((regs[X86_REG_EIP] - start_code) < (sizeof(code) - 1)
                   && ix86_skip_instruction(regs))
                ; /* simply iterate */
        return (regs[X86_REG_EIP] - start_code) == (sizeof(code) - 1);
#endif
        return true;
}
#endif

int main(void)
{
        if (vm_init() < 0)
                return 1;

        page_size = vm_get_page_size();
        if ((page = (char *)vm_acquire(page_size)) == VM_MAP_FAILED)
                return 2;
        
        memset((void *)page, 0, page_size);
        if (vm_protect((char *)page, page_size, VM_PAGE_READ) < 0)
                return 3;
        
        if (!sigsegv_install_handler(sigsegv_test_handler))
                return 4;

#ifdef __GNUC__
        b_region = &&L_b_region1;
        e_region = &&L_e_region1;
#endif
        /* This is a really awful hack but otherwise gcc is smart enough
         * (or bug'ous enough?) to optimize the labels and place them
         * e.g. at the "main" entry point, which is wrong.
         */
        volatile int label_hack = 1;
        switch (label_hack) {
        case 1:
        L_b_region1:
                page[REF_INDEX] = REF_VALUE;
                if (page[REF_INDEX] != REF_VALUE)
                        exit(20);
                page[REF_INDEX] = REF_VALUE;
                BARRIER();
                // fall-through
        case 2:
        L_e_region1:
                BARRIER();
                break;
        }

        if (handler_called != 1)
                return 5;

#ifdef HAVE_SIGSEGV_SKIP_INSTRUCTION
        if (!sigsegv_install_handler(sigsegv_insn_handler))
                return 6;
        
        if (vm_protect((char *)page, page_size, VM_PAGE_READ | VM_PAGE_WRITE) < 0)
                return 7;
        
        for (int i = 0; i < page_size; i++)
                page[i] = (i + 1) % page_size;
        
        if (vm_protect((char *)page, page_size, VM_PAGE_NOACCESS) < 0)
                return 8;
        
#define TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(TYPE) do {                                \
                const unsigned long TAG = 0x12345678 |                  \
                (sizeof(long) == 8 ? 0x9abcdef0UL << 31 : 0);   \
                TYPE data = *((TYPE *)(page + sizeof(TYPE)));   \
                volatile unsigned long effect = data + TAG;             \
                if (effect != TAG)                                                              \
                        return 9;                                                                       \
        } while (0)
        
#ifdef __GNUC__
        b_region = &&L_b_region2;
        e_region = &&L_e_region2;
#endif
        switch (label_hack) {
        case 1:
        L_b_region2:
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(unsigned char);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(unsigned short);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(unsigned int);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(unsigned long);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(signed char);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(signed short);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(signed int);
                TEST_SKIP_INSTRUCTION(signed long);
                BARRIER();
                // fall-through
        case 2:
        L_e_region2:
                BARRIER();
                break;
        }
        if (!arch_insn_skipper_tests())
                return 20;
#endif

        vm_exit();
        return 0;
}
#endif
Revision:	1.75
Committed:	2008-01-06T16:25:03Z (16 years, 8 months ago) by gbeauche
Branch:	MAIN
Changes since 1.74:	+717 -1 lines
Log Message:	Add initial support for instruction skipping on Linux/ia64. It was more complex than expected but it was fun to play with. Who designed this ISA? I'd love to see how the decoder is implemented in HW, by all means it is not "simplified" unless I missed some pattern...